Exam 9: Language

Which of the following correctly identifies the two parts that are present in every sentence?

According to the __________ effect,continuous differences in sound wave forms are perceived as qualitatively distinct.

This is the smallest unit of speech sound that can be used to distinguish one meaningful utterance from another in a given language.

__________ revolutionized the study of syntax by being the first to argue convincingly that phrase-structure grammars are inadequate to convey fully the structures of sentences.

The root words dog and paint are both examples of __________ morphemes.

The sentences,"Tommy greedily ate the chicken," and "The chicken was eaten greedily by Tommy" have the same _______ structure,but have different _________ structure.

Mel is a psycholinguist who is interested in cataloguing the structures,functions,and relationships of words in language.She probably specializes in _________ grammar.

You want to tell your friend a story,but your only form of communication is text messaging.Because of this,the number of characters (letters,numbers,symbols,or spaces)you can use to tell your story are severely limited.Based on what you have learned about reading comprehension,how might you be able to convey your message in a condensed form and still allow your friend understand it?

The word-superiority effect is also known as the __________ effect.

L'Académie française,or French Academy,is charged with publishing the official dictionary for the French language.If you were a member of the academy,how could you use the six properties of language to guide your decision to admit new words to the language?

Explain deep structure and surface structure.

Dyslexia can be the result from the impairment of a number of different processes.Impairment in which of the following process is not typically associated with dyslexia?

Steve was a linguist who was interested in analyzing sentences in terms of the order in which words appear in sentences,regardless of differences or similarities of meaning.He probably specializes in __________ grammar.

Carpenter and Just's (1981)eye-movement studies revealed that,during reading,______ words are fixated for a longer duration than _____ words.

Participants in an experiment read one of the following two pairs of sentences: 1)Jane took the picnic out of the trunk.The soda was warm.2)Jane took the soda out of the trunk.The soda was warm.Participants who read Sentence Pair #1 tend to take longer than those who read Sentence Pair #2.This difference emerges because Sentence Pair #1 requires that participants

__________ processes refer to the cognitive processes used for understanding text as a whole and thereby making sense of what is read.

Items in a sentence can be used in a particular way depending on the context of the communication (e.g. ,agent,patient,beneficiary,etc. ).The different ways in which items can be used based on context is called

Explain how the various theories of speech perception account for language comprehension.What are the main differences and similarities?

An expensive sign outside a local restaurant is missing one of its letters and the owners cannot decide whether or not it needs replacing.Based on your understanding of word recognition,provide an argument for replacing the sign and an argument against replacing the sign.

Which of the following is not a level of processing in Rumelhart and McClelland's Interactive-Activation Model?