Question 1

The molecule responsible for making cyclic AMP is called

Accepted Answer

A)  adenylate cyclase. 
B)  adenosine. 
C)  anandamide. 
D)  adenosine synthase. 
E)  G-protein. 
A)  adenylate cyclase. 
B)  adenosine. 
C)  anandamide. 
D)  adenosine synthase. 
E)  G-protein.

Question 2

Damage to ependymal cells would most likely affect the

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of myelin sheaths. 
B)  formation of cerebrospinal fluid. 
C)  formation of ganglia. 
D)  repair of axons. 
E)  transport of neurotransmitters within axons. 
A)  formation of myelin sheaths. 
B)  formation of cerebrospinal fluid. 
C)  formation of ganglia. 
D)  repair of axons. 
E)  transport of neurotransmitters within axons.

Question 3

The neuroglial cells that participate in maintaining the blood-brain barrier are the

Accepted Answer

A)  astrocytes. 
B)  ependymal cells. 
C)  microglia. 
D)  oligodendrocytes. 
E)  Schwann cells. 
A)  astrocytes. 
B)  ependymal cells. 
C)  microglia. 
D)  oligodendrocytes. 
E)  Schwann cells.

Question 4

________ channels open or close in response to physical distortion of the membrane surface.

Accepted Answer

A)  Voltage-gated 
B)  Chemically gated 
C)  Active 
D)  Mechanically gated 
E)  Leak 
A)  Voltage-gated 
B)  Chemically gated 
C)  Active 
D)  Mechanically gated 
E)  Leak

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter has widespread effects on a person's attention and emotional state?

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  serotonin 
D)  GABA 
E)  endorphins 
A)  dopamine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  serotonin 
D)  GABA 
E)  endorphins

Question 6

Opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization. 
B)  repolarization. 
C)  hyperpolarization. 
D)  increased negative charge inside the membrane. 
E)  inhibition. 
A)  depolarization. 
B)  repolarization. 
C)  hyperpolarization. 
D)  increased negative charge inside the membrane. 
E)  inhibition.

Question 7

Below are the events that occur during continuous propagation of action potential. Select the correct order in which the events occur.
1) Adjacent membrane segment depolarizes.
2) Local current spreads to adjacent voltage gated channel.
3) Threshold is met.
4) Local current develops due to sodium moving in the cytosol.

Accepted Answer

A)  2,4,3,1 
B)  2,4,1,3 
C)  4,2,3,1 
D)  4,2,1,3 
E)  1,4,2,3 
A)  2,4,3,1 
B)  2,4,1,3 
C)  4,2,3,1 
D)  4,2,1,3 
E)  1,4,2,3

Question 8

Which of the following activities or sensations is/are not monitored by interoceptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  sight 
B)  pain 
C)  activities of the digestive system 
D)  cardiovascular activities 
E)  urinary activities 
A)  sight 
B)  pain 
C)  activities of the digestive system 
D)  cardiovascular activities 
E)  urinary activities

Question 9

When potassium channels open and the ions diffuse through the membrane,

Accepted Answer

A)  the inside of the membrane will become more positive. 
B)  the inside of the membrane will become more negative. 
C)  there will be almost no effect on transmembrane potential. 
D)  the membrane will become depolarized. 
E)  the membrane will depolarize to threshold. 
A)  the inside of the membrane will become more positive. 
B)  the inside of the membrane will become more negative. 
C)  there will be almost no effect on transmembrane potential. 
D)  the membrane will become depolarized. 
E)  the membrane will depolarize to threshold.

Question 10

How would a chemical that prevents the opening of voltage-regulated Na+ channels affect the function ofa neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  The neuron will only be able to hyperpolarize. 
B)  The neuron will depolarize more rapidly. 
C)  Action potentials will lack a repolarization phase. 
D)  The neuron will automatically and repeatedly produce graded potentials. 
E)  The neuron will only be capable of producing graded potentials. 
A)  The neuron will only be able to hyperpolarize. 
B)  The neuron will depolarize more rapidly. 
C)  Action potentials will lack a repolarization phase. 
D)  The neuron will automatically and repeatedly produce graded potentials. 
E)  The neuron will only be capable of producing graded potentials.

Question 11

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential
  
Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions:
-Which area of the graph shows when voltage-gated sodium channels are open?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  1 
D)  5 
E)  3 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  1 
D)  5 
E)  3

Question 12

The axon is connected to the soma at the

Accepted Answer

A)  telodendria. 
B)  synaptic terminal. 
C)  collaterals. 
D)  axon hillock. 
E)  synapse. 
A)  telodendria. 
B)  synaptic terminal. 
C)  collaterals. 
D)  axon hillock. 
E)  synapse.

Question 13

Most neurons lack ________ and so are permanently blocked from undergoing cell division.

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes 
B)  endoplasmic reticula 
C)  a nucleus 
D)  centrioles 
E)  cytoplasm 
A)  ribosomes 
B)  endoplasmic reticula 
C)  a nucleus 
D)  centrioles 
E)  cytoplasm

Question 14

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential
  
Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions:
-Which area of the graph shows when potassium channels open?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 15

In which of the following would the rate of impulse conduction be the greatest?

Accepted Answer

A)  a myelinated fiber of 10-µm diameter 
B)  a nonmyelinated fiber of 20-µm diameter 
C)  a myelinated fiber of 1-µm diameter 
D)  a nonmyelinated fiber of 10-µm diameter 
E)  It would be the same in all because of the all-or-none principle. 
A)  a myelinated fiber of 10-µm diameter 
B)  a nonmyelinated fiber of 20-µm diameter 
C)  a myelinated fiber of 1-µm diameter 
D)  a nonmyelinated fiber of 10-µm diameter 
E)  It would be the same in all because of the all-or-none principle.

Question 16

Which of the following can cause demyelination?

Accepted Answer

A)  arsenic poisoning 
B)  diphtheria 
C)  multiple sclerosis 
D)  mercury exposure 
E)  Demyelination can be caused by arsenic, diphtheria, multiple sclerosis and mercury. 
A)  arsenic poisoning 
B)  diphtheria 
C)  multiple sclerosis 
D)  mercury exposure 
E)  Demyelination can be caused by arsenic, diphtheria, multiple sclerosis and mercury.

Question 17

________ carry motor information to peripheral effectors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Unipolar neurons 
B)  Efferent neurons 
C)  Multipolar neurons 
D)  Afferent neurons 
E)  Interneurons 
A)  Unipolar neurons 
B)  Efferent neurons 
C)  Multipolar neurons 
D)  Afferent neurons 
E)  Interneurons

Question 18

________ nerves are nerves that connect to the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A)  Spinal 
B)  Cranial 
C)  Afferent 
D)  Multipolar 
E)  Autonomic 
A)  Spinal 
B)  Cranial 
C)  Afferent 
D)  Multipolar 
E)  Autonomic

Question 19

Figure 12-1 The Neuron
  
Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions:
-Which part(s) of the neuron can propagate an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  1 and 2 
C)  2 and 3 
D)  3 
A)  1 
B)  1 and 2 
C)  2 and 3 
D)  3

Question 20

Adrenergic synapses release the neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  serotonin. 
E)  GABA. 
A)  acetylcholine. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  serotonin. 
E)  GABA.

Exam 12: Nervous Tissue

The molecule responsible for making cyclic AMP is called

Damage to ependymal cells would most likely affect the

The neuroglial cells that participate in maintaining the blood-brain barrier are the

________ channels open or close in response to physical distortion of the membrane surface.

Which neurotransmitter has widespread effects on a person's attention and emotional state?

Opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes

Which of the following activities or sensations is/are not monitored by interoceptors?

When potassium channels open and the ions diffuse through the membrane,

How would a chemical that prevents the opening of voltage-regulated Na+ channels affect the function ofa neuron?

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: -Which area of the graph shows when voltage-gated sodium channels are open?

The axon is connected to the soma at the

Most neurons lack ________ and so are permanently blocked from undergoing cell division.

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: -Which area of the graph shows when potassium channels open?

In which of the following would the rate of impulse conduction be the greatest?

Which of the following can cause demyelination?

________ carry motor information to peripheral effectors.

________ nerves are nerves that connect to the spinal cord.

Figure 12-1 The Neuron Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions: -Which part(s) of the neuron can propagate an action potential?

Adrenergic synapses release the neurotransmitter

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters