Question 1

________ open or close in response to binding specific molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  Leak channels 
B)  Activated channels 
C)  Chemically gated channels 
D)  Voltage-gated channels 
E)  Voltage-gated and chemically gated channels 
A)  Leak channels 
B)  Activated channels 
C)  Chemically gated channels 
D)  Voltage-gated channels 
E)  Voltage-gated and chemically gated channels

Question 2

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential
  
Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions:
-What is occurring in the area between #2 and #3?

Accepted Answer

A)  An excitatory graded potential is occurring. 
B)  Potassium ions are entering the axon and causing depolarization. 
C)  Chemically gated sodium channels are open and sodium is diffusing into the axon. 
D)  Sodium ions are entering the axon and causing depolarization. 
E)  Repolarization of the axon due to sodium ions leaving the axon is occurring. 
A)  An excitatory graded potential is occurring. 
B)  Potassium ions are entering the axon and causing depolarization. 
C)  Chemically gated sodium channels are open and sodium is diffusing into the axon. 
D)  Sodium ions are entering the axon and causing depolarization. 
E)  Repolarization of the axon due to sodium ions leaving the axon is occurring.

Question 3

The ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomic 
B)  peripheral 
C)  central 
D)  efferent 
E)  afferent 
A)  autonomic 
B)  peripheral 
C)  central 
D)  efferent 
E)  afferent

Question 4

The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is formed by

Accepted Answer

A)  astrocytes. 
B)  satellite cells. 
C)  oligodendrocytes. 
D)  microglia. 
E)  Schwann cells. 
A)  astrocytes. 
B)  satellite cells. 
C)  oligodendrocytes. 
D)  microglia. 
E)  Schwann cells.

Question 5

The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by

Accepted Answer

A)  astrocytes. 
B)  satellite cells. 
C)  oligodendrocytes. 
D)  microglia. 
E)  ependymal cells. 
A)  astrocytes. 
B)  satellite cells. 
C)  oligodendrocytes. 
D)  microglia. 
E)  ependymal cells.

Question 6

In one form of presynaptic inhibition the release of ________ inhibits the opening of voltage gated calcium channels in the axon terminus.

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamate 
B)  GABA 
C)  serotonin 
D)  dopamine 
E)  aspartate 
A)  glutamate 
B)  GABA 
C)  serotonin 
D)  dopamine 
E)  aspartate

Question 7

At a synapse the 0.2-0.5 milliseconds it takes for calcium influx and neurotransmitter release is called

Accepted Answer

A)  latency period. 
B)  synaptic delay. 
C)  recovery period. 
D)  repolarization. 
E)  synaptic diffusion. 
A)  latency period. 
B)  synaptic delay. 
C)  recovery period. 
D)  repolarization. 
E)  synaptic diffusion.

Question 8

The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the CNS is designated

Accepted Answer

A)  motor. 
B)  afferent. 
C)  efferent. 
D)  autonomic. 
E)  somatic. 
A)  motor. 
B)  afferent. 
C)  efferent. 
D)  autonomic. 
E)  somatic.

Question 9

The following are the steps involved in transmission at a cholinergic synapse. What is the correct sequence for these events?
1) Chemically-gated sodium channels on the postsynaptic membrane are activated.
2) Calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal.
3) Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes acetylcholine.
4) An action potential depolarizes the synaptic terminal at the presynaptic membrane.
5) The pre-synaptic terminal reabsorbs choline.
6) Acetylcholine is released from storage vesicles by exocytosis.
7) Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
8) Calcium ions are removed from the cytoplasm of the pre- synaptic terminal.

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 2, 6, 7, 8, 5, 3, 1 
B)  4, 2, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5 
C)  2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5 
D)  2, 5, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3 
E)  6, 4, 2, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5 
A)  4, 2, 6, 7, 8, 5, 3, 1 
B)  4, 2, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5 
C)  2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5 
D)  2, 5, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3 
E)  6, 4, 2, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5

Question 10

The ________ division of the peripheral nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervoussystem.

Accepted Answer

A)  somatic 
B)  peripheral 
C)  autonomic 
D)  afferent 
E)  parasympathetic 
A)  somatic 
B)  peripheral 
C)  autonomic 
D)  afferent 
E)  parasympathetic

Question 11

The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the

Accepted Answer

A)  astrocytes. 
B)  satellite cells. 
C)  oligodendrocytes. 
D)  microglia. 
E)  ependymal cells. 
A)  astrocytes. 
B)  satellite cells. 
C)  oligodendrocytes. 
D)  microglia. 
E)  ependymal cells.

Question 12

Regions of the CNS where neuron cell bodies dominate constitute the ________ matter.

Accepted Answer

A)  white 
B)  gray 
C)  neural 
D)  brain 
E)  ganglion 
A)  white 
B)  gray 
C)  neural 
D)  brain 
E)  ganglion

Question 13

Any stimulus that opens a ________ ion channel will produce a graded potential.

Accepted Answer

A)  voltage-gated 
B)  chemically gated 
C)  sodium 
D)  mechanically gated 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  voltage-gated 
B)  chemically gated 
C)  sodium 
D)  mechanically gated 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 14

In ________, activity at an axoaxonic synapse increases the amount of neurotransmitter released when anaction potential arrives at the axon terminus.

Accepted Answer

A)  presynaptic inhibition 
B)  presynaptic facilitation 
C)  spatial summation 
D)  temporal summation 
E)  spatial facilitation 
A)  presynaptic inhibition 
B)  presynaptic facilitation 
C)  spatial summation 
D)  temporal summation 
E)  spatial facilitation

Question 15

Figure 12-1 The Neuron
  
Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the structure labeled "5."

Accepted Answer

A)  axons 
B)  telodendria 
C)  dendritic spines 
D)  synaptic terminals 
E)  collateral branch 
A)  axons 
B)  telodendria 
C)  dendritic spines 
D)  synaptic terminals 
E)  collateral branch

Question 16

Synaptic delay is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotransmitter diffusion. 
B)  binding of acetylcholine to post-synaptic receptors. 
C)  calcium influx and neurotransmitter release. 
D)  production and transport of neurotransmitter within the neuron. 
E)  the lack of permeability of the post-synaptic membrane. 
A)  neurotransmitter diffusion. 
B)  binding of acetylcholine to post-synaptic receptors. 
C)  calcium influx and neurotransmitter release. 
D)  production and transport of neurotransmitter within the neuron. 
E)  the lack of permeability of the post-synaptic membrane.

Question 17

What triggers the release of acetylcholine from a synaptic terminal?

Accepted Answer

A)  release of calcium ions from the synaptic vesicles 
B)  graded potentials in the synaptic terminal 
C)  synaptic vesicles fuse to dendrites 
D)  diffusion of sodium ions out of the synaptic terminal 
E)  diffusion of calcium ions into the synaptic terminal 
A)  release of calcium ions from the synaptic vesicles 
B)  graded potentials in the synaptic terminal 
C)  synaptic vesicles fuse to dendrites 
D)  diffusion of sodium ions out of the synaptic terminal 
E)  diffusion of calcium ions into the synaptic terminal

Question 18

The most abundant class of neuron in the central nervous system is

Accepted Answer

A)  anaxonic. 
B)  bipolar. 
C)  multipolar. 
D)  pseudopolar. 
E)  unipolar. 
A)  anaxonic. 
B)  bipolar. 
C)  multipolar. 
D)  pseudopolar. 
E)  unipolar.

Question 19

A threshold stimulus is the

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization necessary to cause an action potential. 
B)  peak of an action potential. 
C)  hyperpolarization of an axon. 
D)  resting membrane potential. 
E)  electrical current that crosses the synaptic cleft. 
A)  depolarization necessary to cause an action potential. 
B)  peak of an action potential. 
C)  hyperpolarization of an axon. 
D)  resting membrane potential. 
E)  electrical current that crosses the synaptic cleft.

Question 20

The ion that triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  chloride. 
E)  magnesium. 
A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  chloride. 
E)  magnesium.

Exam 12: Nervous Tissue

________ open or close in response to binding specific molecules.

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: -What is occurring in the area between #2 and #3?

The ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.

The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is formed by

The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by

In one form of presynaptic inhibition the release of ________ inhibits the opening of voltage gated calcium channels in the axon terminus.

At a synapse the 0.2-0.5 milliseconds it takes for calcium influx and neurotransmitter release is called

The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the CNS is designated

The ________ division of the peripheral nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervoussystem.

The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the

Regions of the CNS where neuron cell bodies dominate constitute the ________ matter.

Any stimulus that opens a ________ ion channel will produce a graded potential.

In ________, activity at an axoaxonic synapse increases the amount of neurotransmitter released when anaction potential arrives at the axon terminus.

Figure 12-1 The Neuron Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions: -Identify the structure labeled "5."

Synaptic delay is caused by

What triggers the release of acetylcholine from a synaptic terminal?

The most abundant class of neuron in the central nervous system is

A threshold stimulus is the

The ion that triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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