Question 1

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential
  
Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions:
-What is occurring at the area labeled #4?

Accepted Answer

A)  An inhibitory stimulus has occurred. 
B)  Chemically gated potassium channels have opened. 
C)  Excessive potassium has diffused out causing hyperpolarization. 
D)  Sodium ions have been pumped out of the neuron. 
E)  Excessive depolarization of the axon has occurred. 
A)  An inhibitory stimulus has occurred. 
B)  Chemically gated potassium channels have opened. 
C)  Excessive potassium has diffused out causing hyperpolarization. 
D)  Sodium ions have been pumped out of the neuron. 
E)  Excessive depolarization of the axon has occurred.

Question 2

________ monitor the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems.

Accepted Answer

A)  Spinal nerves 
B)  Unipolar neurons 
C)  Internoceptors 
D)  Exteroceptors 
E)  Proprioceptors 
A)  Spinal nerves 
B)  Unipolar neurons 
C)  Internoceptors 
D)  Exteroceptors 
E)  Proprioceptors

Question 3

The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal muscle 
B)  smooth muscle 
C)  heart muscle 
D)  glandular 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  skeletal muscle 
B)  smooth muscle 
C)  heart muscle 
D)  glandular 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 4

Cholinergic synapses release the neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  adrenalin. 
C)  serotonin. 
D)  acetylcholine. 
E)  GABA. 
A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  adrenalin. 
C)  serotonin. 
D)  acetylcholine. 
E)  GABA.

Question 5

The release of GABA and subsequent inhibition of voltage gated calcium channels is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  presynaptic inhibition. 
B)  presynaptic facilitation. 
C)  spatial summation. 
D)  temporal summation. 
E)  spatial facilitation. 
A)  presynaptic inhibition. 
B)  presynaptic facilitation. 
C)  spatial summation. 
D)  temporal summation. 
E)  spatial facilitation.

Question 6

All of the following cause demyelination except

Accepted Answer

A)  heavy-metal ion poisoning. 
B)  diphtheria. 
C)  multiple sclerosis. 
D)  dopamine deficiency. 
E)  All of these cause demyelination. 
A)  heavy-metal ion poisoning. 
B)  diphtheria. 
C)  multiple sclerosis. 
D)  dopamine deficiency. 
E)  All of these cause demyelination.

Question 7

Which of the following is a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  astrocytes 
B)  satellite cells 
C)  oligodendrocytes 
D)  microglia 
E)  ependymal cells 
A)  astrocytes 
B)  satellite cells 
C)  oligodendrocytes 
D)  microglia 
E)  ependymal cells

Question 8

Rapid impulse conduction from "node" to "node" is called

Accepted Answer

A)  spatial propagation. 
B)  saltatory propagation. 
C)  divergent propagation. 
D)  synaptic transmission. 
E)  continuous propagation. 
A)  spatial propagation. 
B)  saltatory propagation. 
C)  divergent propagation. 
D)  synaptic transmission. 
E)  continuous propagation.

Question 9

At a(n) ________ synapse, a neurotransmitter is released to stimulate the postsynaptic membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  electrical 
B)  cell 
C)  chemical 
D)  osmotic 
E)  gap 
A)  electrical 
B)  cell 
C)  chemical 
D)  osmotic 
E)  gap

Question 10

The site of intercellular communication between a neuron and another cell is the

Accepted Answer

A)  telodendria. 
B)  axolemma. 
C)  collateral. 
D)  hillock. 
E)  synapse. 
A)  telodendria. 
B)  axolemma. 
C)  collateral. 
D)  hillock. 
E)  synapse.

Question 11

The equilibrium potential of sodium is

Accepted Answer

A)  -90mV. 
B)  -65mV. 
C)  -70mV. 
D)  +30mV. 
E)  +66mV. 
A)  -90mV. 
B)  -65mV. 
C)  -70mV. 
D)  +30mV. 
E)  +66mV.

Question 12

If the chemically gated sodium channels in the postsynaptic membrane were completely blocked,

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic transmission would fail. 
B)  release of neurotransmitter would stop. 
C)  smaller action potentials would result. 
D)  the presynaptic membrane would be unable to reach threshold. 
E)  the presynaptic neuron would release a different neurotransmitter. 
A)  synaptic transmission would fail. 
B)  release of neurotransmitter would stop. 
C)  smaller action potentials would result. 
D)  the presynaptic membrane would be unable to reach threshold. 
E)  the presynaptic neuron would release a different neurotransmitter.

Question 13

The all-or-none principle states that

Accepted Answer

A)  all stimuli will produce identical action potentials. 
B)  all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials. 
C)  the greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the magnitude of the action potential. 
D)  only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials. 
E)  only motor stimuli can activate action potentials. 
A)  all stimuli will produce identical action potentials. 
B)  all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials. 
C)  the greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the magnitude of the action potential. 
D)  only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials. 
E)  only motor stimuli can activate action potentials.

Question 14

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential
  
Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions:
-In which area of the graph do you see a sudden rush of sodium ions into the neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 15

The minimum stimulus required to trigger an action potential is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  threshold. 
B)  all-or-none response. 
C)  potential. 
D)  incentive. 
E)  summation. 
A)  threshold. 
B)  all-or-none response. 
C)  potential. 
D)  incentive. 
E)  summation.

Question 16

The period during which an excitable membrane cannot respond to further stimulation is the ________ period.

Accepted Answer

A)  relative refractory 
B)  absolute refractory 
C)  resting 
D)  lag 
E)  stationary 
A)  relative refractory 
B)  absolute refractory 
C)  resting 
D)  lag 
E)  stationary

Question 17

Puffer fish poison blocks voltage-gated sodium channels like a cork. What effect would this neurotoxin haveon the function of neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurons would depolarize more rapidly. 
B)  Action potentials would lack a repolarization phase. 
C)  The absolute refractory period would be shorter than normal. 
D)  The axon would be unable to generate action potentials. 
E)  None, because the chemically gated sodium channels would still function. 
A)  Neurons would depolarize more rapidly. 
B)  Action potentials would lack a repolarization phase. 
C)  The absolute refractory period would be shorter than normal. 
D)  The axon would be unable to generate action potentials. 
E)  None, because the chemically gated sodium channels would still function.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the action potential is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rapid depolarization phase is caused by the entry of potassium ions. 
B)  During the repolarization phase, sodium channels close and potassium channels open. 
C)  During the depolarization phase, membrane potential becomes positive. 
D)  During the hyperpolarization phase, the ion pumps re-establish the sodium and potassium concentrations across the cell membrane. 
E)  Repolarization occurs as potassium ions leave the axon. 
A)  The rapid depolarization phase is caused by the entry of potassium ions. 
B)  During the repolarization phase, sodium channels close and potassium channels open. 
C)  During the depolarization phase, membrane potential becomes positive. 
D)  During the hyperpolarization phase, the ion pumps re-establish the sodium and potassium concentrations across the cell membrane. 
E)  Repolarization occurs as potassium ions leave the axon.

Question 19

If acetylcholine (ACh) causes inhibition of a postsynaptic neuron, to what type of membrane channel didtheACh bind?

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanically-regulated channel 
B)  voltage-regulated sodium channel 
C)  voltage-regulated calcium channel 
D)  chemically-regulated potassium channel 
E)  chemically-regulated sodium channel 
A)  mechanically-regulated channel 
B)  voltage-regulated sodium channel 
C)  voltage-regulated calcium channel 
D)  chemically-regulated potassium channel 
E)  chemically-regulated sodium channel

Question 20

Regions of the CNS with an abundance of myelinated axons constitute the ________ matter.

Accepted Answer

A)  gray 
B)  white 
C)  neural 
D)  brain 
E)  ganglion 
A)  gray 
B)  white 
C)  neural 
D)  brain 
E)  ganglion

Exam 12: Nervous Tissue

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: -What is occurring at the area labeled #4?

________ monitor the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems.

The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates ________ cells.

Cholinergic synapses release the neurotransmitter

The release of GABA and subsequent inhibition of voltage gated calcium channels is associated with

All of the following cause demyelination except

Which of the following is a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system?

Rapid impulse conduction from "node" to "node" is called

At a(n) ________ synapse, a neurotransmitter is released to stimulate the postsynaptic membrane.

The site of intercellular communication between a neuron and another cell is the

The equilibrium potential of sodium is

If the chemically gated sodium channels in the postsynaptic membrane were completely blocked,

The all-or-none principle states that

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: -In which area of the graph do you see a sudden rush of sodium ions into the neuron?

The minimum stimulus required to trigger an action potential is known as the

The period during which an excitable membrane cannot respond to further stimulation is the ________ period.

Puffer fish poison blocks voltage-gated sodium channels like a cork. What effect would this neurotoxin haveon the function of neurons?

Which of the following statements about the action potential is false?

If acetylcholine (ACh) causes inhibition of a postsynaptic neuron, to what type of membrane channel didtheACh bind?

Regions of the CNS with an abundance of myelinated axons constitute the ________ matter.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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