Question 1

EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) occur when

Accepted Answer

A)  more potassium ions than usual leak out of a cell. 
B)  more calcium ions than usual leak out of a cell. 
C)  chloride ions enter a cell. 
D)  extra sodium ions enter a cell. 
E)  hyperpolarizations occur. 
A)  more potassium ions than usual leak out of a cell. 
B)  more calcium ions than usual leak out of a cell. 
C)  chloride ions enter a cell. 
D)  extra sodium ions enter a cell. 
E)  hyperpolarizations occur.

Question 2

The axoplasm of the axon contains which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotubules 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  vesicles 
D)  neurofibrils 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  neurotubules 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  vesicles 
D)  neurofibrils 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 3

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential
  
Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions:
-Which point of the graph shows when potassium ion outflow exceeds sodium ion inflow?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 4

The effect that a neurotransmitter has on the postsynaptic membrane depends on the

Accepted Answer

A)  frequency of neurotransmitter release. 
B)  nature of the neurotransmitter. 
C)  characteristics of the receptors. 
D)  quantity of neurotransmitters released. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  frequency of neurotransmitter release. 
B)  nature of the neurotransmitter. 
C)  characteristics of the receptors. 
D)  quantity of neurotransmitters released. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

The following are the main steps in the generation of an action potential.
1) Sodium channels are inactivated.
2) Voltage-gated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell, initiating repolarization.
3) Sodium channels regain their normal properties.
4) A graded depolarization brings an area of an excitable membrane to threshold.
5) A temporary hyperpolarization occurs.
6) Sodium channel activation occurs.
7) Sodium ions enter the cell and depolarization occurs.
What is the proper sequence of these events?

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 6, 7, 3, 2, 5, 1 
B)  4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 5 
C)  6, 7, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 
D)  2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 3, 5 
E)  4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3, 1 
A)  4, 6, 7, 3, 2, 5, 1 
B)  4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 5 
C)  6, 7, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 
D)  2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 3, 5 
E)  4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3, 1

Question 6

Figure 12-1 The Neuron
  
Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions:
-On which structure do most neuron to neuron communications occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  1 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  2 
B)  1 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 7

When cholinergic receptors are stimulated,

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium ions enter the postsynaptic neuron. 
B)  sodium ions leave the postsynaptic neuron. 
C)  chloride ions enter the postsynaptic neuron. 
D)  chloride ions leave the postsynaptic neuron. 
E)  norepinephrine deactivates acetylcholine. 
A)  sodium ions enter the postsynaptic neuron. 
B)  sodium ions leave the postsynaptic neuron. 
C)  chloride ions enter the postsynaptic neuron. 
D)  chloride ions leave the postsynaptic neuron. 
E)  norepinephrine deactivates acetylcholine.

Question 8

Voltage-gated channels are present

Accepted Answer

A)  at the motor end plate. 
B)  on the surface of dendrites. 
C)  in the membrane that covers axons. 
D)  on the soma of neurons. 
E)  along the perikaryon of neurons. 
A)  at the motor end plate. 
B)  on the surface of dendrites. 
C)  in the membrane that covers axons. 
D)  on the soma of neurons. 
E)  along the perikaryon of neurons.

Question 9

IPSPs (inhibitory postsynaptic potentials)

Accepted Answer

A)  are local depolarizations. 
B)  are local hyperpolarizations. 
C)  increase membrane permeability to sodium ions. 
D)  block the efflux of potassium ions. 
E)  block the efflux of calcium ions. 
A)  are local depolarizations. 
B)  are local hyperpolarizations. 
C)  increase membrane permeability to sodium ions. 
D)  block the efflux of potassium ions. 
E)  block the efflux of calcium ions.

Question 10

________ provide information about the external environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Spinal nerves 
B)  Anaxonic neurons 
C)  Internoceptors 
D)  Exteroceptors 
E)  Proprioceptors 
A)  Spinal nerves 
B)  Anaxonic neurons 
C)  Internoceptors 
D)  Exteroceptors 
E)  Proprioceptors

Question 11

A neuron whose membrane potential shifts closer to threshold is said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperpolarized. 
B)  depolarized. 
C)  facilitated. 
D)  repolarized. 
E)  at equilibrium. 
A)  hyperpolarized. 
B)  depolarized. 
C)  facilitated. 
D)  repolarized. 
E)  at equilibrium.

Question 12

After acetylcholinesterase acts, the synaptic terminal

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorbs the acetylcholine. 
B)  reabsorbs the acetate. 
C)  reabsorbs the choline. 
D)  reabsorbs axoplasm. 
E)  pinches off and a new terminal grows. 
A)  reabsorbs the acetylcholine. 
B)  reabsorbs the acetate. 
C)  reabsorbs the choline. 
D)  reabsorbs axoplasm. 
E)  pinches off and a new terminal grows.

Question 13

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a dissolved gas?

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin 
B)  glutamate 
C)  aspartate 
D)  nitric oxide 
E)  histamine 
A)  serotonin 
B)  glutamate 
C)  aspartate 
D)  nitric oxide 
E)  histamine

Question 14

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential
  
Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions:
-When is the neuron in the relative refractory period?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 15

Rabies is caused by a virus that attacks the central nervous system. The virus is normally introduced byananimal bite that breaks the surface of the skin. Since the virus is not motile, how does it travel to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

When the skin is broken by an animal bit

Question 16

A neuron that receives neurotransmitter from another neuron is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the presynaptic neuron. 
B)  the motor neuron. 
C)  an oligodendrocyte. 
D)  a satellite cell. 
E)  the postsynaptic neuron. 
A)  the presynaptic neuron. 
B)  the motor neuron. 
C)  an oligodendrocyte. 
D)  a satellite cell. 
E)  the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 17

The equilibrium potential of potassium is

Accepted Answer

A)  -90mV. 
B)  -65mV. 
C)  -70mV. 
D)  +30mV. 
E)  +66mV. 
A)  -90mV. 
B)  -65mV. 
C)  -70mV. 
D)  +30mV. 
E)  +66mV.

Question 18

Summation that results from the cumulative effect of multiple synapses at multiple places on the neuronisdesignated

Accepted Answer

A)  spatial summation. 
B)  temporal summation. 
C)  inhibition of the impulse. 
D)  hyperpolarization. 
E)  impulse transmission. 
A)  spatial summation. 
B)  temporal summation. 
C)  inhibition of the impulse. 
D)  hyperpolarization. 
E)  impulse transmission.

Question 19

The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandularactivity.

Accepted Answer

A)  somatic 
B)  peripheral 
C)  autonomic 
D)  afferent 
E)  motor 
A)  somatic 
B)  peripheral 
C)  autonomic 
D)  afferent 
E)  motor

Question 20

In-Text Figure Based Questions
-Which neuroglia myelinate CNS axons and which neuroglia myelinate PNS axons? (Figure 12-4)

Accepted Answer

A)  oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells 
B)  Schwann cells; oligodendrocytes 
C)  astrocytes; satellite cells 
D)  satellite cells; astrocytes 
E)  astrocytes; Schwann cells 
A)  oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells 
B)  Schwann cells; oligodendrocytes 
C)  astrocytes; satellite cells 
D)  satellite cells; astrocytes 
E)  astrocytes; Schwann cells

Exam 12: Nervous Tissue

EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) occur when

The axoplasm of the axon contains which of the following?

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: -Which point of the graph shows when potassium ion outflow exceeds sodium ion inflow?

The effect that a neurotransmitter has on the postsynaptic membrane depends on the

Figure 12-1 The Neuron Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions: -On which structure do most neuron to neuron communications occur?

When cholinergic receptors are stimulated,

Voltage-gated channels are present

IPSPs (inhibitory postsynaptic potentials)

________ provide information about the external environment.

A neuron whose membrane potential shifts closer to threshold is said to be

After acetylcholinesterase acts, the synaptic terminal

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a dissolved gas?

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: -When is the neuron in the relative refractory period?

Rabies is caused by a virus that attacks the central nervous system. The virus is normally introduced byananimal bite that breaks the surface of the skin. Since the virus is not motile, how does it travel to the central nervous system?

A neuron that receives neurotransmitter from another neuron is called

The equilibrium potential of potassium is

Summation that results from the cumulative effect of multiple synapses at multiple places on the neuronisdesignated

The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandularactivity.

In-Text Figure Based Questions -Which neuroglia myelinate CNS axons and which neuroglia myelinate PNS axons? (Figure 12-4)

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential $Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: -When is the neuron in the relative refractory period?$ Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: -When is the neuron in the relative refractory period?