Question 1

Activation of which of the following is associated with the formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers?

Accepted Answer

A) Rho 
B) Ras 
C) Cdk-42 
D) intermediate filaments 
E) γ-tubulin 
A) Rho 
B) Ras 
C) Cdk-42 
D) intermediate filaments 
E) γ-tubulin

Question 2

The two main types of eukaryotic microtubules are the ________ and ________ microtubules.

Accepted Answer

cytoplasmi

Question 3

Choose the item that best matches the other items.
-nocodazole

Accepted Answer

A) breaking and capping actin 
B) increase cellular surface area 
C) assembly and disassembly 
D) terminal web 
E) control microtubule organization
F)plectin
G)central shaft
H)nucleating actin branches
I)bind to profilin and CapZ
J)oligomer formation
K)nucleating tubulin branches
L)hemidesmosome
M)decorate the actin microfilament
N)dynein
O)prevents loss of subunits
P)desmosome  
Q)nuclear lamina  
R)account for 10-15% of microtubules  
S)inhibits microtubule assembly  
T)two identical polypeptides joined end-to-end  
U)found in cilia and flagella 
A) breaking and capping actin 
B) increase cellular surface area 
C) assembly and disassembly 
D) terminal web 
E) control microtubule organization
F)plectin
G)central shaft
H)nucleating actin branches
I)bind to profilin and CapZ
J)oligomer formation
K)nucleating tubulin branches
L)hemidesmosome
M)decorate the actin microfilament
N)dynein
O)prevents loss of subunits
P)desmosome  
Q)nuclear lamina  
R)account for 10-15% of microtubules  
S)inhibits microtubule assembly  
T)two identical polypeptides joined end-to-end  
U)found in cilia and flagella

Question 4

Which of the following is not true of the main structural forms of actin?

Accepted Answer

A) Actin filaments may form a filament network (gel). 
B) Actin monomers may form actin filaments or G-actin protein complexes. 
C) Actin filaments are severed to form filament bundles. 
D) Capped filaments are made from actin filaments. 
E) Actin filaments form filament bundles. 
A) Actin filaments may form a filament network (gel). 
B) Actin monomers may form actin filaments or G-actin protein complexes. 
C) Actin filaments are severed to form filament bundles. 
D) Capped filaments are made from actin filaments. 
E) Actin filaments form filament bundles.

Question 5

Choose the item that best matches the other items.
-Arp2/3 complex

Accepted Answer

A) breaking and capping actin 
B) increase cellular surface area 
C) assembly and disassembly 
D) terminal web 
E) control microtubule organization
F)plectin
G)central shaft
H)nucleating actin branches
I)bind to profilin and CapZ
J)oligomer formation
K)nucleating tubulin branches
L)hemidesmosome
M)decorate the actin microfilament
N)dynein
O)prevents loss of subunits
P)desmosome  
Q)nuclear lamina  
R)account for 10-15% of microtubules  
S)inhibits microtubule assembly  
T)two identical polypeptides joined end-to-end  
U)found in cilia and flagella 
A) breaking and capping actin 
B) increase cellular surface area 
C) assembly and disassembly 
D) terminal web 
E) control microtubule organization
F)plectin
G)central shaft
H)nucleating actin branches
I)bind to profilin and CapZ
J)oligomer formation
K)nucleating tubulin branches
L)hemidesmosome
M)decorate the actin microfilament
N)dynein
O)prevents loss of subunits
P)desmosome  
Q)nuclear lamina  
R)account for 10-15% of microtubules  
S)inhibits microtubule assembly  
T)two identical polypeptides joined end-to-end  
U)found in cilia and flagella

Question 6

Which of the following is not a function associated with the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

A) scaffold for support and maintenance of cell shape 
B) anchoring site for mRNA during transcription 
C) cell division 
D) organizes the organelles within the cytoplasm 
E) signal transducer 
A) scaffold for support and maintenance of cell shape 
B) anchoring site for mRNA during transcription 
C) cell division 
D) organizes the organelles within the cytoplasm 
E) signal transducer

Question 7

Microtubules have an inner diameter of ________ and an outer diameter of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) 15 mm; 25 mm 
B) 8 nm; 12 nm 
C) 25 nm; 30 nm 
D) 15 nm; 25 nm 
E) 7 mm; 14 mm 
A) 15 mm; 25 mm 
B) 8 nm; 12 nm 
C) 25 nm; 30 nm 
D) 15 nm; 25 nm 
E) 7 mm; 14 mm

Question 8

Critical concentration is

Accepted Answer

A) the concentration of tubulin dimers at which assembly is balanced with disassembly. 
B) the concentration of tubulin dimers at which assembly occurs primarily. 
C) the concentration of G-actin in most muscle cells. 
D) required before nucleation can occur. 
E) both choices A and D 
A) the concentration of tubulin dimers at which assembly is balanced with disassembly. 
B) the concentration of tubulin dimers at which assembly occurs primarily. 
C) the concentration of G-actin in most muscle cells. 
D) required before nucleation can occur. 
E) both choices A and D

Question 9

A high-resolution video camera is used in which of the following microscopic techniques?

Accepted Answer

A) immunofluorescence microscopy 
B) fluorescent staining of cytoskeleton proteins 
C) computer-enhanced digital video microscopy 
D) scanning electron microscopy 
E) transmission electron microscopy 
A) immunofluorescence microscopy 
B) fluorescent staining of cytoskeleton proteins 
C) computer-enhanced digital video microscopy 
D) scanning electron microscopy 
E) transmission electron microscopy

Question 10

Cytochalasins prevent addition of monomers to pre-existing ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cytochalasins prevent addition of monomers to pre-existing...

Question 11

Which of the following intermediate filament proteins is incorrectly matched with the tissue in which it is found?

Accepted Answer

A) cytokeratins-epithelial 
B) desmin-smooth muscle 
C) vimentin-mesenchymal 
D) nestin-connective 
E) GFA protein-nervous 
A) cytokeratins-epithelial 
B) desmin-smooth muscle 
C) vimentin-mesenchymal 
D) nestin-connective 
E) GFA protein-nervous

Question 12

Choose the item that best matches the other items.
-filamin

Accepted Answer

A) breaking and capping actin 
B) increase cellular surface area 
C) assembly and disassembly 
D) terminal web 
E) control microtubule organization
F)plectin
G)central shaft
H)nucleating actin branches
I)bind to profilin and CapZ
J)oligomer formation
K)nucleating tubulin branches
L)hemidesmosome
M)decorate the actin microfilament
N)dynein
O)prevents loss of subunits
P)desmosome  
Q)nuclear lamina  
R)account for 10-15% of microtubules  
S)inhibits microtubule assembly  
T)two identical polypeptides joined end-to-end  
U)found in cilia and flagella 
A) breaking and capping actin 
B) increase cellular surface area 
C) assembly and disassembly 
D) terminal web 
E) control microtubule organization
F)plectin
G)central shaft
H)nucleating actin branches
I)bind to profilin and CapZ
J)oligomer formation
K)nucleating tubulin branches
L)hemidesmosome
M)decorate the actin microfilament
N)dynein
O)prevents loss of subunits
P)desmosome  
Q)nuclear lamina  
R)account for 10-15% of microtubules  
S)inhibits microtubule assembly  
T)two identical polypeptides joined end-to-end  
U)found in cilia and flagella

Question 13

Choose the item that best matches the other items.
-treadmilling

Accepted Answer

A) breaking and capping actin 
B) increase cellular surface area 
C) assembly and disassembly 
D) terminal web 
E) control microtubule organization
F)plectin
G)central shaft
H)nucleating actin branches
I)bind to profilin and CapZ
J)oligomer formation
K)nucleating tubulin branches
L)hemidesmosome
M)decorate the actin microfilament
N)dynein
O)prevents loss of subunits
P)desmosome  
Q)nuclear lamina  
R)account for 10-15% of microtubules  
S)inhibits microtubule assembly  
T)two identical polypeptides joined end-to-end  
U)found in cilia and flagella 
A) breaking and capping actin 
B) increase cellular surface area 
C) assembly and disassembly 
D) terminal web 
E) control microtubule organization
F)plectin
G)central shaft
H)nucleating actin branches
I)bind to profilin and CapZ
J)oligomer formation
K)nucleating tubulin branches
L)hemidesmosome
M)decorate the actin microfilament
N)dynein
O)prevents loss of subunits
P)desmosome  
Q)nuclear lamina  
R)account for 10-15% of microtubules  
S)inhibits microtubule assembly  
T)two identical polypeptides joined end-to-end  
U)found in cilia and flagella

Question 14

The core of the intestinal microvillus is composed of a tight bundle of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The core of the intestinal microvillus is...

Question 15

Which stage of microtubule assembly is the stage in which nucleation occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) sheets of protofilaments 
B) closing of microtubules 
C) oligomers 
D) dimers 
E) elongation 
A) sheets of protofilaments 
B) closing of microtubules 
C) oligomers 
D) dimers 
E) elongation

Question 16

Choose the item that best matches the other items.
-gelsolin

Accepted Answer

A) breaking and capping actin 
B) increase cellular surface area 
C) assembly and disassembly 
D) terminal web 
E) control microtubule organization
F)plectin
G)central shaft
H)nucleating actin branches
I)bind to profilin and CapZ
J)oligomer formation
K)nucleating tubulin branches
L)hemidesmosome
M)decorate the actin microfilament
N)dynein
O)prevents loss of subunits
P)desmosome  
Q)nuclear lamina  
R)account for 10-15% of microtubules  
S)inhibits microtubule assembly  
T)two identical polypeptides joined end-to-end  
U)found in cilia and flagella 
A) breaking and capping actin 
B) increase cellular surface area 
C) assembly and disassembly 
D) terminal web 
E) control microtubule organization
F)plectin
G)central shaft
H)nucleating actin branches
I)bind to profilin and CapZ
J)oligomer formation
K)nucleating tubulin branches
L)hemidesmosome
M)decorate the actin microfilament
N)dynein
O)prevents loss of subunits
P)desmosome  
Q)nuclear lamina  
R)account for 10-15% of microtubules  
S)inhibits microtubule assembly  
T)two identical polypeptides joined end-to-end  
U)found in cilia and flagella

Question 17

Choose the item that best matches the other items.
-axoneme

Accepted Answer

A) breaking and capping actin 
B) increase cellular surface area 
C) assembly and disassembly 
D) terminal web 
E) control microtubule organization
F)plectin
G)central shaft
H)nucleating actin branches
I)bind to profilin and CapZ
J)oligomer formation
K)nucleating tubulin branches
L)hemidesmosome
M)decorate the actin microfilament
N)dynein
O)prevents loss of subunits
P)desmosome  
Q)nuclear lamina  
R)account for 10-15% of microtubules  
S)inhibits microtubule assembly  
T)two identical polypeptides joined end-to-end  
U)found in cilia and flagella 
A) breaking and capping actin 
B) increase cellular surface area 
C) assembly and disassembly 
D) terminal web 
E) control microtubule organization
F)plectin
G)central shaft
H)nucleating actin branches
I)bind to profilin and CapZ
J)oligomer formation
K)nucleating tubulin branches
L)hemidesmosome
M)decorate the actin microfilament
N)dynein
O)prevents loss of subunits
P)desmosome  
Q)nuclear lamina  
R)account for 10-15% of microtubules  
S)inhibits microtubule assembly  
T)two identical polypeptides joined end-to-end  
U)found in cilia and flagella

Question 18

Intermediate filaments

Accepted Answer

A) can be composed of the protein vimentin. 
B) are solely responsible for animal cell shape. 
C) are composed of α-and β-tubulin. 
D) are 70 nm in diameter. 
E) both choices A and D 
A) can be composed of the protein vimentin. 
B) are solely responsible for animal cell shape. 
C) are composed of α-and β-tubulin. 
D) are 70 nm in diameter. 
E) both choices A and D

Question 19

________ resist tensile forces and contain keratin to form the protective barrier of the skin.

Accepted Answer

A) Intermediate filaments 
B) Microtubules 
C) Microfilaments 
D) Actin filaments 
E) Keratin-associated filaments 
A) Intermediate filaments 
B) Microtubules 
C) Microfilaments 
D) Actin filaments 
E) Keratin-associated filaments

Question 20

Which of the following cytoskeletal proteins can be found in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) crescentin 
B) tubulin 
C) keratin 
D) vimentin 
E) actin 
A) crescentin 
B) tubulin 
C) keratin 
D) vimentin 
E) actin

Exam 15: Cytoskeletal Systems

Activation of which of the following is associated with the formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers?

The two main types of eukaryotic microtubules are the ________ and ________ microtubules.

Choose the item that best matches the other items. -nocodazole

Which of the following is not true of the main structural forms of actin?

Choose the item that best matches the other items. -Arp2/3 complex

Which of the following is not a function associated with the cytoskeleton?

Microtubules have an inner diameter of ________ and an outer diameter of ________.

Critical concentration is

A high-resolution video camera is used in which of the following microscopic techniques?

Cytochalasins prevent addition of monomers to pre-existing ________.

Which of the following intermediate filament proteins is incorrectly matched with the tissue in which it is found?

Choose the item that best matches the other items. -filamin

Choose the item that best matches the other items. -treadmilling

The core of the intestinal microvillus is composed of a tight bundle of ________.

Which stage of microtubule assembly is the stage in which nucleation occurs?

Choose the item that best matches the other items. -gelsolin

Choose the item that best matches the other items. -axoneme

Intermediate filaments

________ resist tensile forces and contain keratin to form the protective barrier of the skin.

Which of the following cytoskeletal proteins can be found in prokaryotes?

A Preview of the Cell

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, DNA Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Cancer Cells

Filters

The two main types of eukaryotic microtubules are the and microtubules.

Microtubules have an inner diameter of and an outer diameter of .