Question 1

Which is true of heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

A) They capture light energy. 
B) They cannot be unicellular. 
C) They store energy in the form of heat. 
D) They can function as autotrophs in an emergency. 
E) They can obtain energy from consuming phototrophs. 
A) They capture light energy. 
B) They cannot be unicellular. 
C) They store energy in the form of heat. 
D) They can function as autotrophs in an emergency. 
E) They can obtain energy from consuming phototrophs.

Question 2

Within biological systems,there are always reactions that seem to occur when thermodynamically they should not.An example is in the process of glycolysis,ΔG°' = 2183.6 kJ/mol.How is this possible,when cells are governed by the laws of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Basically,the conversion of glucose to l

Question 3

Aerobic refers to what property of chemotrophs?

Accepted Answer

A) Chemotrophs remove carbon dioxide from the air. 
B) Chemotrophs require oxygen to produce energy. 
C) Chemotrophs use, but do not require oxygen. 
D) Fermentation releases great amounts of gas but only in chemotrophs. 
E) Heat losses occur in the presence of oxygen. 
A) Chemotrophs remove carbon dioxide from the air. 
B) Chemotrophs require oxygen to produce energy. 
C) Chemotrophs use, but do not require oxygen. 
D) Fermentation releases great amounts of gas but only in chemotrophs. 
E) Heat losses occur in the presence of oxygen.

Question 4

The statement,"Energy is neither created nor destroyed," describes

Accepted Answer

A) the first law of thermodynamics. 
B) the second law of thermodynamics. 
C) the law of conservation of energy. 
D) enthalpy. 
E) both choices A and C 
A) the first law of thermodynamics. 
B) the second law of thermodynamics. 
C) the law of conservation of energy. 
D) enthalpy. 
E) both choices A and C

Question 5

In a reversible chemical reaction at equilibrium,the concentration of X (the reactant)is 0.75 mol/L,and the concentration of Y (the product)is 2.25 mol/L.At 25°C,what would be the Keq?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.33 
B) 3.0 
C) 1.69 
D) 1.50 
E) 37.5 
A) 0.33 
B) 3.0 
C) 1.69 
D) 1.50 
E) 37.5

Question 6

Which of the following is a phototroph?

Accepted Answer

A) a tree 
B) a mushroom 
C) bacteria growing on decomposing matter 
D) an earthworm 
E) a person 
A) a tree 
B) a mushroom 
C) bacteria growing on decomposing matter 
D) an earthworm 
E) a person

Question 7

A ________ is an organism that requires the intake of chemical compounds such as carbohydrates,fats,and proteins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ is an organism that requires...

Question 8

Nerve impulses travel along the neurons by the opening of channels that allow sodium ions to flow inward,followed by an outward flow of potassium ions.In order to ensure that the impulse may be produced at any time,sodium is actively transported out of the cell,and potassium is transported into the cell by the sodium/potassium pump.Which of the following types of work is performed by the sodium/potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

A) mechanical 
B) electrical 
C) concentration 
D) synthetic 
E) bioluminescent 
A) mechanical 
B) electrical 
C) concentration 
D) synthetic 
E) bioluminescent

Question 9

Photosynthesis is an important process that

Accepted Answer

A) is performed by heterotrophs. 
B) produces oxidized products. 
C) uses water and carbon dioxide as reactants. 
D) is performed by organisms living near deep-ocean thermal vents. 
E) only plants can perform. 
A) is performed by heterotrophs. 
B) produces oxidized products. 
C) uses water and carbon dioxide as reactants. 
D) is performed by organisms living near deep-ocean thermal vents. 
E) only plants can perform.

Question 10

________ is the partial measure of the internal energy of a system,also known as the heat content.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the partial measure of the...

Question 11

In a cell,the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate is 83 μM and of fructose-6-phosphate is 14 μM.The ΔG°' = 410 cal/mol for the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.Based upon this information,the ΔG' for this reaction (in cal/mol)is

Accepted Answer

A) -644. 
B) -63.7. 
C) 0. 
D) 27. 
E) 644. 
A) -644. 
B) -63.7. 
C) 0. 
D) 27. 
E) 644.

Question 12

Which of the following is defined as "heat content"?

Accepted Answer

A) energy output 
B) heat loss 
C) entropy 
D) solar radiation 
E) enthalpy 
A) energy output 
B) heat loss 
C) entropy 
D) solar radiation 
E) enthalpy

Question 13

In every physical or chemical change,the universe tends toward greater disorder.This is the ________ law of thermodynamics,or the law of thermodynamic ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In every physical or chemical change,the universe...

Question 14

________ is the transfer of energy from one place or form to another place or form.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the transfer of energy from...

Question 15

All of the following are used as bioluminescent tools for cell biologists except

Accepted Answer

A) luciferase. 
B) rhodopsin. 
C) GFP. 
D) YFP. 
E) none of the above 
A) luciferase. 
B) rhodopsin. 
C) GFP. 
D) YFP. 
E) none of the above

Question 16

Oxidation

Accepted Answer

A) involves the removal of oxygen atoms. 
B) is endothermic. 
C) occurs when an atom accepts electrons. 
D) occurs when oxygen is added and energy released. 
E) both choices B and C 
A) involves the removal of oxygen atoms. 
B) is endothermic. 
C) occurs when an atom accepts electrons. 
D) occurs when oxygen is added and energy released. 
E) both choices B and C

Question 17

In a chemical reaction,the standard free energy change (ΔG°')is calculated to be -3.67 cal/mol.What can be said of the chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) The reaction is at equilibrium under standard conditions. 
B) The reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions. 
C) The reaction is not spontaneous under standard conditions. 
D) Reactants predominate over products at equilibrium under standard conditions. 
E) There can be no reaction. 
A) The reaction is at equilibrium under standard conditions. 
B) The reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions. 
C) The reaction is not spontaneous under standard conditions. 
D) Reactants predominate over products at equilibrium under standard conditions. 
E) There can be no reaction.

Question 18

________ reactions release energy when electrons are removed from a substance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ reactions release energy when electrons are...

Question 19

Energy is important to life forms because

Accepted Answer

A) all life forms require a continuous supply of it. 
B) it is required to do work. 
C) it is required to make specific alterations in the cell. 
D) both choices A and B 
E) choices A, B, and C 
A) all life forms require a continuous supply of it. 
B) it is required to do work. 
C) it is required to make specific alterations in the cell. 
D) both choices A and B 
E) choices A, B, and C

Question 20

In a biochemical reaction,reactants may be converted into products.The extent to which this occurs spontaneously is expressed as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) ΔG 
B) Keq 
C) ΔS 
D) temperature 
E) TΔS 
A) ΔG 
B) Keq 
C) ΔS 
D) temperature 
E) TΔS

Exam 5: Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Which is true of heterotrophs?

Within biological systems,there are always reactions that seem to occur when thermodynamically they should not.An example is in the process of glycolysis,ΔG°' = 2183.6 kJ/mol.How is this possible,when cells are governed by the laws of thermodynamics?

Aerobic refers to what property of chemotrophs?

The statement,"Energy is neither created nor destroyed," describes

In a reversible chemical reaction at equilibrium,the concentration of X (the reactant)is 0.75 mol/L,and the concentration of Y (the product)is 2.25 mol/L.At 25°C,what would be the Keq?

Which of the following is a phototroph?

A ________ is an organism that requires the intake of chemical compounds such as carbohydrates,fats,and proteins.

Photosynthesis is an important process that

________ is the partial measure of the internal energy of a system,also known as the heat content.

In a cell,the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate is 83 μM and of fructose-6-phosphate is 14 μM.The ΔG°' = 410 cal/mol for the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.Based upon this information,the ΔG' for this reaction (in cal/mol)is

Which of the following is defined as "heat content"?

In every physical or chemical change,the universe tends toward greater disorder.This is the ________ law of thermodynamics,or the law of thermodynamic ________.

________ is the transfer of energy from one place or form to another place or form.

All of the following are used as bioluminescent tools for cell biologists except

Oxidation

In a chemical reaction,the standard free energy change (ΔG°')is calculated to be -3.67 cal/mol.What can be said of the chemical reaction?

________ reactions release energy when electrons are removed from a substance.

Energy is important to life forms because

In a biochemical reaction,reactants may be converted into products.The extent to which this occurs spontaneously is expressed as which of the following?

A Preview of the Cell

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, DNA Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Cancer Cells

Filters

In every physical or chemical change,the universe tends toward greater disorder.This is the law of thermodynamics,or the law of thermodynamic .