Question 1

The cell membrane can be described most accurately as

Accepted Answer

A) permeable to all small molecules and ions but impermeable to larger ones. 
B) permeable to only larger molecules. 
C) permeable to some molecules and impermeable to others. 
D) impermeable to all polar molecules. 
E) permeable to all molecules. 
A) permeable to all small molecules and ions but impermeable to larger ones. 
B) permeable to only larger molecules. 
C) permeable to some molecules and impermeable to others. 
D) impermeable to all polar molecules. 
E) permeable to all molecules.

Question 2

The cell membrane is composed of a ________ bilayer.This molecule has regions that are polar and nonpolar and is therefore ________.

Accepted Answer

phospholip

Question 3

Which one of the following biological polymers is mismatched with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA - nucleotide 
B) enzyme - amino acid 
C) chitin - monosaccharide 
D) protein - amino acid 
E) cellulose - amino acid 
A) DNA - nucleotide 
B) enzyme - amino acid 
C) chitin - monosaccharide 
D) protein - amino acid 
E) cellulose - amino acid

Question 4

Monomers are removed from polymers by ________ reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) condensation 
B) hydrolysis 
C) neutralization 
D) substitution 
E) redox 
A) condensation 
B) hydrolysis 
C) neutralization 
D) substitution 
E) redox

Question 5

Because carbon is able to form up to four covalent bonds,it can take on a variety of orientations,including linear,________,and ________ structures.

Accepted Answer

branched;

Question 6

Heat shock proteins are

Accepted Answer

A) only actively synthesized during conditions of intense heat. 
B) only observed in prokaryotic cells. 
C) molecular chaperones synthesized during times of cellular stress. 
D) unique to every organism. 
E) present only in certain organelles. 
A) only actively synthesized during conditions of intense heat. 
B) only observed in prokaryotic cells. 
C) molecular chaperones synthesized during times of cellular stress. 
D) unique to every organism. 
E) present only in certain organelles.

Question 7

Due to the directionality of polymer synthesis,proteins have distinct ________ and ________ ends.

Accepted Answer

amino (-NH

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the polymerization of macromolecules is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Often the energy needed for polymerization is supplied by ATP. 
B) The polymer chain usually has two different ends. 
C) Water is added to join the monomers of the macromolecules. 
D) A monomer is usually activated by the coupling of the monomer to a carrier. 
E) Macromolecules are synthesized by the stepwise addition of monomers. 
A) Often the energy needed for polymerization is supplied by ATP. 
B) The polymer chain usually has two different ends. 
C) Water is added to join the monomers of the macromolecules. 
D) A monomer is usually activated by the coupling of the monomer to a carrier. 
E) Macromolecules are synthesized by the stepwise addition of monomers.

Question 9

All of the following are common functional groups found in biological molecules except

Accepted Answer

A) phosphate groups. 
B) carbonyl groups. 
C) amino groups. 
D) sulfhydryl groups. 
E) butyl groups. 
A) phosphate groups. 
B) carbonyl groups. 
C) amino groups. 
D) sulfhydryl groups. 
E) butyl groups.

Question 10

Which of the following is not true of hydrocarbons?

Accepted Answer

A) Octane is a hydrocarbon. 
B) Hydrocarbons are insoluble in water. 
C) Many hydrocarbons are used in living systems. 
D) Only hydrogen atoms are used to complete the valence requirements of carbon. 
E) Phospholipids have hydrocarbon tails. 
A) Octane is a hydrocarbon. 
B) Hydrocarbons are insoluble in water. 
C) Many hydrocarbons are used in living systems. 
D) Only hydrogen atoms are used to complete the valence requirements of carbon. 
E) Phospholipids have hydrocarbon tails.

Question 11

Which of the following is false regarding water's specific heat?

Accepted Answer

A) The specific heat of water is 1.0 calorie per gram. 
B) Heat applied to water must initially break a number of hydrogen bonds. 
C) Water's high specific heat has a temperature-buffering effect. 
D) Water gains and loses heat more slowly than most other solvents do. 
E) The specific heat of water is similar to most liquids. 
A) The specific heat of water is 1.0 calorie per gram. 
B) Heat applied to water must initially break a number of hydrogen bonds. 
C) Water's high specific heat has a temperature-buffering effect. 
D) Water gains and loses heat more slowly than most other solvents do. 
E) The specific heat of water is similar to most liquids.

Question 12

Ribose has five carbon atoms,of which three are asymmetric.What is the maximum number of stereoisomers that may exist for ribose?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 6 
D) 8 
E) 10 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 6 
D) 8 
E) 10

Question 13

An enzyme synthesized in the laboratory is found to have little activity when compared to the enzyme extracted from cell culture.Both enzymes were examined and have identical amino acid composition.What is the best explanation for the lack of activity of the synthesized enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A) The van der Waals radius was altered during laboratory synthesis. 
B) The synthetic enzyme was not made of amino acids. 
C) The ATP required for self-assembly was present in the cell extract but not in the laboratory synthesis. 
D) Denaturation of the synthesized enzyme was not complete. 
E) The synthesized enzyme was not folded correctly because molecular chaperones were not present. 
A) The van der Waals radius was altered during laboratory synthesis. 
B) The synthetic enzyme was not made of amino acids. 
C) The ATP required for self-assembly was present in the cell extract but not in the laboratory synthesis. 
D) Denaturation of the synthesized enzyme was not complete. 
E) The synthesized enzyme was not folded correctly because molecular chaperones were not present.

Question 14

Macromolecules can be assembled into ________ that are components of organelles and other subcellular organelles.

Accepted Answer

supramolec

Question 15

In the lab,you choose to design a simple experiment to distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances.You start by adding equal amounts of vinegar and oil to a container.After shaking,the vinegar and oil levels separate,based upon polarity and density.To this you add glucose and sodium citrate and shake again.Where do you expect to find the glucose and sodium citrate in greatest quantities?

Accepted Answer

A) Both will concentrate in the oil layer. 
B) The glucose will concentrate in the vinegar, sodium citrate in the oil. 
C) Both will concentrate in the vinegar layer. 
D) Sodium citrate will concentrate in the vinegar, glucose in the oil. 
E) Both will be uniform throughout both layers. 
A) Both will concentrate in the oil layer. 
B) The glucose will concentrate in the vinegar, sodium citrate in the oil. 
C) Both will concentrate in the vinegar layer. 
D) Sodium citrate will concentrate in the vinegar, glucose in the oil. 
E) Both will be uniform throughout both layers.

Question 16

The cell membrane can be described most accurately as

Accepted Answer

A) permeable to most small molecules but impermeable to larger ones. 
B) permeable to only larger molecules. 
C) permeable to all molecules. 
D) permeable to some molecules and impermeable to others. 
E) impermeable to all polar molecules. 
A) permeable to most small molecules but impermeable to larger ones. 
B) permeable to only larger molecules. 
C) permeable to all molecules. 
D) permeable to some molecules and impermeable to others. 
E) impermeable to all polar molecules.

Question 17

Carbon can form ________ covalent bonds.

Accepted Answer

A) single 
B) double 
C) triple 
D) single and double 
E) single, double, and triple 
A) single 
B) double 
C) triple 
D) single and double 
E) single, double, and triple

Question 18

While fishing,a biology student makes the following observations:
1)Water spiders appear to be able walk on the surface of the water.
2)Flat rocks may be made to skip across the water.

Accepted Answer

A) Water is an excellent solvent. 
B) Water molecules create spheres of hydration around solute molecules. 
C) Water molecules are cohesive. 
D) Water molecules are often associated via hydrogen bonds. 
E) both choices C and D 
A) Water is an excellent solvent. 
B) Water molecules create spheres of hydration around solute molecules. 
C) Water molecules are cohesive. 
D) Water molecules are often associated via hydrogen bonds. 
E) both choices C and D

Question 19

TMV,or ________,is a rodlike particle with a genome of ________ and a ________ consisting of 2130 copies of a single polypeptide.

Accepted Answer

tobacco mo

Question 20

Polymers are synthesized by ________ reactions and broken down into their constituent monomers by ________ reactions.

Accepted Answer

condensati

Exam 2: The Chemistry of the Cell

The cell membrane can be described most accurately as

The cell membrane is composed of a ________ bilayer.This molecule has regions that are polar and nonpolar and is therefore ________.

Which one of the following biological polymers is mismatched with its monomer?

Monomers are removed from polymers by ________ reactions.

Because carbon is able to form up to four covalent bonds,it can take on a variety of orientations,including linear,________,and ________ structures.

Heat shock proteins are

Due to the directionality of polymer synthesis,proteins have distinct ________ and ________ ends.

Which of the following statements about the polymerization of macromolecules is false?

All of the following are common functional groups found in biological molecules except

Which of the following is not true of hydrocarbons?

Which of the following is false regarding water's specific heat?

Ribose has five carbon atoms,of which three are asymmetric.What is the maximum number of stereoisomers that may exist for ribose?

An enzyme synthesized in the laboratory is found to have little activity when compared to the enzyme extracted from cell culture.Both enzymes were examined and have identical amino acid composition.What is the best explanation for the lack of activity of the synthesized enzyme?

Macromolecules can be assembled into ________ that are components of organelles and other subcellular organelles.

The cell membrane can be described most accurately as

Carbon can form ________ covalent bonds.

While fishing,a biology student makes the following observations: 1)Water spiders appear to be able walk on the surface of the water. 2)Flat rocks may be made to skip across the water.

TMV,or ________,is a rodlike particle with a genome of ________ and a ________ consisting of 2130 copies of a single polypeptide.

Polymers are synthesized by ________ reactions and broken down into their constituent monomers by ________ reactions.

A Preview of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, DNA Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Cancer Cells

Filters

The cell membrane is composed of a bilayer.This molecule has regions that are polar and nonpolar and is therefore .

Because carbon is able to form up to four covalent bonds,it can take on a variety of orientations,including linear,,and structures.

Due to the directionality of polymer synthesis,proteins have distinct and ends.

TMV,or ,is a rodlike particle with a genome of and a consisting of 2130 copies of a single polypeptide.

Polymers are synthesized by reactions and broken down into their constituent monomers by reactions.