Question 1

How is a stem cell different from a "normal" cell? (Use a liver cell as an example.)

Accepted Answer

A "normal" cell has differentiated and is expressing specific genes related to a particular cell type and has turned off genes unrelated to its function.Stem cells have yet to differentiate and have the potential to express any genes they have,depending on the environment they are in.

Question 2

As stem cell research rapidly developed,it became a political and ethical issue.Describe how the ethical and political approach towards stem cell research has changed in the past decade.

Accepted Answer

During the Bush administration,starting in 2001,embryonic stem cell research did not receive federal funding unless the research used previously existing stem cell lines.This limited the genetic diversity in stem cell lines.In 2009 the Obama administration allowed the use of new stem cell lines,however the ethical standards became stricter.In 2010,a court ruling blocked federal funding for all embryonic stem cell research.

Question 3

Which one of the following correctly describes the order of stem cells from the lowest degree of flexibility (unipotent)to the highest degree of flexibility (totipotent)?

Accepted Answer

A) embryonic stem cells < adult stem cells < zygote 
B) embryonic stem cells < zygote < adult stem cells 
C) adult stem cells < zygote < embryonic stem cells 
D) adult stem cells < embryonic stem cells < zygote 
A) embryonic stem cells < adult stem cells < zygote 
B) embryonic stem cells < zygote < adult stem cells 
C) adult stem cells < zygote < embryonic stem cells 
D) adult stem cells < embryonic stem cells < zygote D

Question 4

Describe several potential applications for embryonic stem cell research.

Accepted Answer

Answers provided here will be variable.I

Question 5

Which of the following creates pluripotent stem cells without the need to destroy an embryo?

Accepted Answer

A) embryonic stem cell removal from unused embryos at fertility clinics 
B) retrieval of stem cells from umbilical cord blood 
C) retrieval of stem cells from adult bone marrow 
D) induced pluripotent stem cells 
A) embryonic stem cell removal from unused embryos at fertility clinics 
B) retrieval of stem cells from umbilical cord blood 
C) retrieval of stem cells from adult bone marrow 
D) induced pluripotent stem cells

Question 6

Which of the following areas is not known to contain stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A) the skin 
B) bone marrow 
C) the umbilical cord 
D) muscle 
A) the skin 
B) bone marrow 
C) the umbilical cord 
D) muscle

Question 7

Most people assume that cloning refers only to whole organism or reproductive cloning.Explain how therapeutic cloning is different from reproductive cloning.

Accepted Answer

While reproductive cloning is used to cr

Question 8

At which point or stage would the majority of cells in the embryo no longer be stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A) the pre-embryo stage 
B) in the blastocyst 
C) after organogenesis 
D) A large number of stem cells would exist in all these stages. 
A) the pre-embryo stage 
B) in the blastocyst 
C) after organogenesis 
D) A large number of stem cells would exist in all these stages.

Question 9

Before stem cell research was such a prominent topic in the news,many people were misinformed about embryonic stem cell research.Many people thought that this form of stem cell research could only be completed by collecting stem cells from electively aborted fetuses.Explain specifically where embryonic stem cells come from when used for research and why these cells would not typically be found in aborted fetuses.

Accepted Answer

Embryonic stem cells are harvested from

Question 10

Stem cell lines are developed from ________.

Accepted Answer

A) multipotent cells 
B) inner cell mass cells from a blastocyst 
C) cells collected from umbilical cords 
D) cells collected from amniotic fluid 
A) multipotent cells 
B) inner cell mass cells from a blastocyst 
C) cells collected from umbilical cords 
D) cells collected from amniotic fluid

Question 11

A cell with the ability to differentiate into several different types of cells is considered ________.

Accepted Answer

A) totipotent 
B) unipotent 
C) multipotent 
D) pluripotent 
A) totipotent 
B) unipotent 
C) multipotent 
D) pluripotent

Question 12

Which one of the following correctly describes the order of stem cells from the lowest degree of flexibility to the highest degree of flexibility?

Accepted Answer

A) unipotent < multipotent < pluripotent < totipotent 
B) multipotent < unipotent < pluripotent < totipotent 
C) pluripotent < unipotent < totipotent < multipotent 
D) unipotent < multipotent < totipotent < pluripotent 
A) unipotent < multipotent < pluripotent < totipotent 
B) multipotent < unipotent < pluripotent < totipotent 
C) pluripotent < unipotent < totipotent < multipotent 
D) unipotent < multipotent < totipotent < pluripotent

Question 13

Which of the following is not needed in a reproductive cloning procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) an egg cell 
B) a diploid cell 
C) a sperm cell 
D) a surrogate mother 
A) an egg cell 
B) a diploid cell 
C) a sperm cell 
D) a surrogate mother

Question 14

Explain how a stem cell line would be developed.

Accepted Answer

Stem cell lines are created by

Question 15

Which of the following statements is false concerning stem cells and stem cell research?

Accepted Answer

A) Stem cells are created as the result of in vitro fertilization procedures. 
B) Stem cells that are desirable for research come from embryos that are only a few days old. 
C) Stem cell research in the United States is federally funded under all circumstances. 
D) Stem cells are not yet differentiated. 
A) Stem cells are created as the result of in vitro fertilization procedures. 
B) Stem cells that are desirable for research come from embryos that are only a few days old. 
C) Stem cell research in the United States is federally funded under all circumstances. 
D) Stem cells are not yet differentiated.

Question 16

Which statement best describes the difference between therapeutic and reproductive cloning?

Accepted Answer

A) Therapeutic cloning involves producing medications, while reproductive cloning is used for in vitro fertilization procedures. 
B) Therapeutic cloning produces cells that are not genetically identical to their source, while reproductive cloning produces cells that are genetically identical to their source. 
C) Therapeutic cloning is used to produce stem cells that can be coerced into differentiating into a specific cell type, while reproductive cloning is used to produce organisms identical to what they were cloned from. 
D) There really aren't any differences between therapeutic and reproductive cloning. 
A) Therapeutic cloning involves producing medications, while reproductive cloning is used for in vitro fertilization procedures. 
B) Therapeutic cloning produces cells that are not genetically identical to their source, while reproductive cloning produces cells that are genetically identical to their source. 
C) Therapeutic cloning is used to produce stem cells that can be coerced into differentiating into a specific cell type, while reproductive cloning is used to produce organisms identical to what they were cloned from. 
D) There really aren't any differences between therapeutic and reproductive cloning.

Exam 33: Stem Cells a Repair Kit for the Body

How is a stem cell different from a "normal" cell? (Use a liver cell as an example.)

As stem cell research rapidly developed,it became a political and ethical issue.Describe how the ethical and political approach towards stem cell research has changed in the past decade.

Which one of the following correctly describes the order of stem cells from the lowest degree of flexibility (unipotent)to the highest degree of flexibility (totipotent)?

Describe several potential applications for embryonic stem cell research.

Which of the following creates pluripotent stem cells without the need to destroy an embryo?

Which of the following areas is not known to contain stem cells?

Most people assume that cloning refers only to whole organism or reproductive cloning.Explain how therapeutic cloning is different from reproductive cloning.

At which point or stage would the majority of cells in the embryo no longer be stem cells?

Stem cell lines are developed from ________.

A cell with the ability to differentiate into several different types of cells is considered ________.

Which one of the following correctly describes the order of stem cells from the lowest degree of flexibility to the highest degree of flexibility?

Which of the following is not needed in a reproductive cloning procedure?

Explain how a stem cell line would be developed.

Which of the following statements is false concerning stem cells and stem cell research?

Which statement best describes the difference between therapeutic and reproductive cloning?

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