Exam 21: Dna and Biotechnology

Which of the following brings tRNA with an amino acid close enough to mRNA to permit interaction and the assembly of amino acids to form a protein?

The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressing gene that prevents damaged cells from undergoing cell division.If this gene ceases to function due to a mutation what will happen to the cell?

The manipulation of genetic material for human purposes,the practice of ________,began almost as soon as we began to understand the language of DNA.

Genes are really just segments of DNA in patterns of A's,T's,G's,and C's.How does an RNA polymerase "know" where to start transcribing at the beginning of a particular gene?

Why are the complementary base pairing rules so important when a cell needs to copy its DNA?

If there are 64 potential codons that code for various amino acids but only about 20 specific amino acids,what must be true about the genetic code?

________ are small pieces of DNA separate from the bacterial chromosome.

This technique has thousands of DNA sequences on a slide and is used to determine which are active at the time.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -The RNA "words" are called this.

Some t-RNA often contains sections of non-complimentary,unusual bases (i.e.,other than U,C,A,andG)which are added after transcription.What area of the t-RNA would never contain such odd bases in a living organism?

Which of the following uses patterns of STR fragments that have been cut by restriction enzymes and sorted by size?

The ________ is used to convert the linear sequences of bases in DNA to the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

The drug Humulin is a modified form of the human insulin protein that is used to treat diabetes.Describe the process that would allow a drug company to take this gene and,using bacteria,produce large amounts of this human protein.

________ is attached to a specific amino acid and transports it to the appropriate region of mRNA.

Both DNA and RNA polymerases must be able to copy from a template strand with great accuracy.Still,either one can make mistakes that could lead to a mutation.For which one of these polymerases would a mistake be the most serious in the long term? Explain your answer.

The genetic code only works because each codon is read in a specific manner that results in the correct amino acid being placed in that particular spot.What physically places each amino acid by matching up the correct codon?

Explain why some people fear genetically modified foods despite commercial organization claims that these foods are safe for human consumption.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -An individual's complete set of DNA.

The end product of transcription is the production of a(n)________.

Scientists study the genomes of many different living organisms besides humans.For example,organisms like fruit flies,yeasts,and mice are studied.Of what value is understanding the genes of a mouse in comparison to that of a human? Are the two even remotely comparable?