Exam 2: Chemistry Comes to Life

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -A substance made up of two or more elements whose properties are usually different from those of the substance.

A substance in which other substances are dissolved is known as what?

A substance consisting of weak acids or bases designed to maintain a specific pH of a solution within a cell or a biological system would be which of the following?

An organic compound that provides instructions for the synthesis or production of polypeptide chains is referred to as which of the following?

________ is the process of using water to break down polymers to their monomer subunits.

What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

A(n)________ is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions or when disassociated in water will give off hydroxide ions.

The interaction between two polar molecules would involve ________.

When new food products are being analyzed for nutritional content,the food will be subjected to hydrolysis in the lab.The end products are analyzed to determine things such as fat and sugar content.Suppose a lab is analyzing a new product that claims to be fat free.After the hydrolysis of the product is complete,they find glucose,glycerol,hydrocarbons,and amino acids.Is this product free of fat? Justify your answer.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -The overall three-dimensional shape of a protein.

In what ways are hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds similar?

A(n)________ consists of many monomer subunits bonded together in order to produce a large molecule.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -The site where a substrate binds to an enzyme.

A researcher suspects that the food in an ecosystem has been contaminated with radioactive phosphates over a period of months.Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactive phosphate to test the hypothesis?

Explain the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins.How would a change to the DNA ultimately affect proteins?

The hydrogen,ionic,and covalent bonds that stabilize the shape of a protein contribute to which level of structure of a protein?

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -The basic monomer of a protein that can be joined by peptide bonds using dehydration synthesis reactions.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -The tendency of a molecule to have positive and negative regions.

Within your body,there are two major categories of hormones.One category is the steroid (or lipid-soluble)hormones,and the other category is referred to as nonsteroid (or water-soluble)hormones,which are composed of proteins or amino acids.Estrogen and testosterone are examples of steroid hormones,whereas insulin is an example of a nonsteroid hormone.A researcher heats estrogen,testosterone,and insulin to a very high temperature.After heating the hormones,the researcher tests to determine whether they still work properly.She finds that estrogen and testosterone still function,but insulin does not.Based on the chemical nature of these molecules,explain why insulin no longer functions.

Explain some of the modern uses for radioisotopes in society.