Exam 16: The Urinary System

A 45-year-old diabetic has entered the hospital.Routine blood work shows that his blood pH is dropping and is currently at 7.3 (normal blood pH is about 7.4).Explain something that could be going on in the kidneys to cause a drop in blood pH.If the acidosis cannot be reversed quickly,what type of immediate treatment might the patient need to restore kidney function? There are two types of this treatment.How do they differ from each other? What sorts of complications might be expected?

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Question 1

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Some form of kidney or nephron damage has occurred and renal failure is occurring.(Anything reasonable works here if acute renal failure,then it can be caused by inflammation,certain drugs,poison; in the case of a diabetic,however,it is more likely to be chronic renal failure,caused by the negative effects of high blood glucose levels on the blood vessels of the kidneys.)This patient will need dialysis if this does not reverse on its own.Hemodialysis uses a machine to filter the blood.Blood must be taken into the machine,filtered,and returned to the patient.Another option is continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD),in which dialysis fluid is placed in the abdomen and the peritoneum serves as the dialyzing membrane.Infection is a major concern with dialysis,particularly with CAPD.

Which pathogen would most likely be responsible for a urinary tract infection caused by improper wiping after defecation?

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After a routine urinalysis,you get a report back from the lab.This report flags any abnormal values.For each of the values,indicate whether the test result is normal or abnormal.For any test results that are abnormal,speculate on what might have caused the abnormal value.

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These are suggested answers.Students sometimes come up with something creative that also makes sense!

When small amounts of urine escape because of sudden increases in abdominal pressure and force urine past the external sphincter,it is referred to as ________.

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Question 4

Someone who has just had a glass of wine will soon make less of this hormone.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 5

Which can be defined as the failure to completely empty urine from the bladder?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 6

A portion of the renal tubule that resembles a hairpin turn that may have short loops or long loops is called the ________.

(Short Answer)

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Question 7

The lack of voluntary control over urination because of the inability to control the external urethral sphincter is called ________.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 8

Relaxation of the ________ releases urine from the body.

(Short Answer)

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Question 9

You just drank several glasses of lemonade,which is highly acidic.Which of the following will occur in your urine?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 10

Which of the following is a hormone that regulates the reabsorption of sodium by the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 11

The portion of the nephron that filters blood is called the ________.

(Short Answer)

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Question 12

Proteins are supposed to be eaten in relatively small amounts compared with other nutrients such as carbohydrates.One of the problems associated with eating large amounts of protein in the diet is the production of excess ________ by the cells of the liver.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 13

Destruction of this organ (or organs)would mean a person could no longer make urea.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 14

In the male,an enlarged ________ gland may squeeze the urethra,causing urinary retention.

(Short Answer)

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Question 15

Thick,smooth muscle located at the junction of the bladder and urethra that aids in pushing stored urine into the urethra is called the ________.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 16

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -When we wish to determine a patient's health using their urine,we perform this test.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 17

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -This is a muscular,bag-like structure that stores urine.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 18

Constant regulation of blood pH is critical.There are several ways (and several organ systems)involved in this regulation.Fully explain two different ways that regulation of blood pH is achieved through the urinary system.

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Question 19

The hormone erythropoietin acts to stimulate cells that are located in the ________ of an adult.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 64

Exam 16: The Urinary System

Which pathogen would most likely be responsible for a urinary tract infection caused by improper wiping after defecation?

After a routine urinalysis,you get a report back from the lab.This report flags any abnormal values.For each of the values,indicate whether the test result is normal or abnormal.For any test results that are abnormal,speculate on what might have caused the abnormal value.

When small amounts of urine escape because of sudden increases in abdominal pressure and force urine past the external sphincter,it is referred to as ________.

Someone who has just had a glass of wine will soon make less of this hormone.

Which can be defined as the failure to completely empty urine from the bladder?

A portion of the renal tubule that resembles a hairpin turn that may have short loops or long loops is called the ________.

The lack of voluntary control over urination because of the inability to control the external urethral sphincter is called ________.

Relaxation of the ________ releases urine from the body.

You just drank several glasses of lemonade,which is highly acidic.Which of the following will occur in your urine?

Which of the following is a hormone that regulates the reabsorption of sodium by the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts?

The portion of the nephron that filters blood is called the ________.

Proteins are supposed to be eaten in relatively small amounts compared with other nutrients such as carbohydrates.One of the problems associated with eating large amounts of protein in the diet is the production of excess ________ by the cells of the liver.

Destruction of this organ (or organs)would mean a person could no longer make urea.

In the male,an enlarged ________ gland may squeeze the urethra,causing urinary retention.

Thick,smooth muscle located at the junction of the bladder and urethra that aids in pushing stored urine into the urethra is called the ________.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -When we wish to determine a patient's health using their urine,we perform this test.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -This is a muscular,bag-like structure that stores urine.

Constant regulation of blood pH is critical.There are several ways (and several organ systems)involved in this regulation.Fully explain two different ways that regulation of blood pH is achieved through the urinary system.

The hormone erythropoietin acts to stimulate cells that are located in the ________ of an adult.

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