Exam 7: Neurons: the Matter of the Mind

What is the function of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -The short branching projections of a neuron,which provide surface area for sending and receiving signals from other cells.

Axons and dendrites,or both,arranged in bundles and covered by connective tissue are ________.

A new drug interferes with the function of the dendrites of a neuron.What will happen to this neuron?

What are specialized membrane proteins that actively transport sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane?

Leprosy destroys nerve tissue,so an afflicted person is likely to hurt his or her foot without even knowing it.What types of neurons are likely to be affected?

The enzyme ________ removes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from synapses after it has been released.

Which of the following parts of the nervous system is closest to a muscle?

Sodium and potassium ions cross the neuron's membrane to cause which of the following physiological processes?

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -Synapse in which neurotransmitters decrease the chance of an action potential on the postsynaptic cell.

A(n)________,or sensory neuron,conducts information toward the brain and spinal cord.

If a drug had the side effect of destroying dopamine-producing neurons,what effect would this have on a person?

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -Association neurons that are located between the sensory and motor neurons,where they integrate or interpret the sensory signals.

Which neurotransmitter appears to be associated with an energizing "good" feeling and is essential in hunger,thirst,and sex drive?

A neuron's membrane that maintains a charge difference across its surface in which the inside is more negative than the outside is called ________.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -A single,long extension of a neuron's cell body that functions to transmit an incoming message or impulse.

Potassium ions are important in the resting membrane potential and the action potential of both nerve and muscle cells.The concentration gradient of potassium ions is critical to both.An excess of potassium outside a neuron or muscle cell would negate the concentration gradient.What would happen if the heart was injected with massive amounts of potassium? Explain your answer.

Which of the following is a neurotransmitter that triggers a contraction of a voluntary muscle?

The combined effects of inhibitory and excitatory effects on a postsynaptic cell will decide whether that cell generates an action potential.This principle is called ________.