Exam 3: The Cell

During a 5-mile run in the high Alps,where oxygen concentration is lower,your body will produce less ATP per molecule of glucose than after the same run near sea level,where there is plenty of oxygen to supply your muscle cells.Approximately how many more molecules of ATP will your muscle cells produce per molecule of glucose at the lower elevation than at the oxygen-scarce high elevation?

________ is a metabolic process that creates ATP for the cell by the breakdown of glucose molecules in the cytoplasm.

From which of these processes does the cell get the most ATP?

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -A metabolic process that completes the oxidation of glucose,yields two molecules of ATP,and releases carbon dioxide as a waste product.

Briefly explain the differences between cellular respiration and fermentation.How do these processes differ in terms of energy output for the cell?

Proteins are processed and packaged in the organelle known as the ________.

Maria,a volunteer firefighter in New Jersey,rushed along with the rest of her fire company to lower Manhattan on that awful morning of September 11,2001.As they crossed over the Hudson into the city,they heard that the towers had collapsed,so they helped search through the rubble and dust from the buildings to find survivors.Maria has now developed serious health problems based on her exposure to the rubble and dust,which included asbestos and many other small particles.Which organ system and which organelle do you think is most likely failing in this brave woman's body?

________ is the process by which large molecules and cell products leave the cell via the phospholipid membrane.

When bacteria appear in tissues,a type of large cell engulfs and destroys them.Which process are these cells using to engulf the bacteria?

A reddish chemical,lipofuscin,is found in greater quantities in cells of older people than in those from younger people.This chemical should be broken down in the cells.Which specific type of organelle is not working as well in the seniors?

Calcium ions are normally in higher concentrations outside most living cells compared to the amounts within.Which of the following processes is most likely responsible for this condition?

Compare and contrast passive and active transport mechanisms,and give an example of each.

Most of the energy used by the cell is converted to ATP in ________.

The virus that causes rabies travels up nerve cells to the brain and spinal cord.Which cell structure will allow the virus to move through the nerve cells?