Exam 18: Fiscal Policy

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The problem typically during a recession is not that there is too little money,but too little spending.If the problem was too little money,what would be its cause? If the problem was too little spending,what could be its cause?

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Too little money would be caused by too small of a money supply by the Federal Reserve.Too little spending could be caused by a variety of reasons such as a decrease in consumption spending by households because they become pessimistic about the future,a decrease in investment spending by firms because they lower their estimates of the future profitability of new factories and machinery,or a decrease in U.S.exports because a major trading partner is in a recession.

Automatic stabilizers refer to

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B

Suppose the federal budget deficit for the year was $100 billion and the economy was in a recession.If the economy had been at potential GDP,it is estimated that tax revenues would have been $60 billion higher and government spending on transfer payments $50 billion lower.Using these estimates,the cyclically adjusted budget

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C

A change in consumption spending caused by income changes is ________ change in spending,and a change in government spending that occurs to improve roads and bridges is ________ change in spending.

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Figure 18-9 Figure 18-9    -Refer to Figure 18-9.Given that the economy has moved from A to B in the graph above,which of the following would the appropriate fiscal policy to achieve potential GDP? -Refer to Figure 18-9.Given that the economy has moved from A to B in the graph above,which of the following would the appropriate fiscal policy to achieve potential GDP?

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The total value of U.S.Treasury bonds outstanding equals

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Cutting taxes

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A permanent tax cut would likely ________ consumption spending ________ than would a tax rebate like the one issued in 2008.

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The three categories of federal government expenditures,in addition to government purchases,are

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Of the $840 billion American Recovery and Reinvestment Act stimulus package which was enacted in 2009,the largest tax cuts occurred in which category?

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If we include consideration of potential effects of a proposed tax reduction and simplification on the labor supply,we would expect crowding out of investment and net exports brought about by the tax cut to be

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Explain why the timing of fiscal policy may be more difficult than the timing of monetary policy.

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If the economy is falling below potential real GDP,which of the following would be an appropriate fiscal policy to bring the economy back to long-run aggregate supply? An increase in

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During most of the years of the Great Depression,the actual federal budget was in ________,and the cyclically adjusted budget was in ________.

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Accumulating debt poses a problem for the U.S.federal government because

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In early 2008,the housing crisis and rising oil prices increased the risk of recession in the United States.What fiscal policy action was taken by Congress and the president to counter these events?

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Borrowing to pay for long-lived capital expenditures makes sense as

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Suppose that the federal budget is balanced when GDP is at potential GDP.If equilibrium GDP falls below potential

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To complement actions by the Fed to reduce inflation,Congress and the President can cut spending and/or raise taxes.

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The tax multiplier is smaller in absolute value than the government purchases multiplier because some portion of the

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