Exam 2: The Science of Social Psychology

In an experimental research design, the group that receives the main treatment or manipulation is called ____________.

A research design in which two or more groups of individuals are identical, or matching, on a third variable is known as ____________.

It is usually the case that if you increase the internal validity of your study, then you will be decreasing the external validity at the same time.

You hypothesize that lack of sleep impairs cognitive ability. In order to test your hypothesis, you will have to determine how to define and measure 'lack of sleep' and 'cognitive ability.' This is another way of saying that you will have to:

Distinguish between positive and negative correlations. Provide an example of each one.

Daniel cheated on his college history exam and believes that, like himself, almost every student cheats on an exam at least once or twice. Assuming he is incorrect, Daniel's tendency to overestimate the extent to which others cheat is known as _______________.

A researcher finds that there is a relationship between the amount of time university students spend at the library and performance on tests. Specifically, the more time spent at the library, the higher students scored on their exams. This relationship represents what type of correlation?

Which of the following is true regarding correlational studies?

A researcher who wants to know whether drinking caffeine causes increased energy would be most likely to conduct what type of study?

Random assignment is not necessary for researchers to be able to infer cause and effect in experimental studies.

A researcher formed the following hypothesis: Good children receive more positive attention from their parents than bad children. The main problem with this hypothesis is:

Stanley Milgram conducted a famous study where he led participants to believe that they were administering increasingly painful electric shocks to another participant when that person answered a question incorrectly. The false information provided to participants is known as ______________.

Peggy does not provide research participants with a full explanation of her hypothesis after her study is complete. Peggy has failed to obtain what is known as informed consent.

Internal validity refers to ________, while external validity refers to ________.