Exam 22: Drugs for Kidney, Acid-Base, and Electrolyte Disorders

A patient is in chronic renal failure. Based on this diagnosis, what would the pharmacist anticipate the patient might require regarding medications?

Sodium bicarbonate is used to reverse alkalosis while ammonium chloride or sodium chloride with potassium chloride is used to reverse acidosis.

Most of the water in the filtrate is excreted.

A patient is receiving IV furosemide. The pharmacist will monitor for which adverse effect?

Explain how and where the different types of diuretics work and give examples of each type.

How is kidney function determined?

Furosemide is considered a potent diuretic since it blocks the reabsorption of calcium in the ascending loop of Henle where the concentration of calcium is the highest, so more calcium stays it the filtrate causing more urine production and a greater reduction in blood volume and blood pressure.

The pharmacist is presenting education regarding the use of diuretics. What conditions should the pharmacist include in the educational session regarding the use of diuretics? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

The reason that a thiazide diuretic is often given with a potassium sparing diuretic in the same tablet is to reduce the amount of water lost while still allowing potassium to be excreted in the urine.

If your pH is above 7.45, you are suffering from a condition known as alkalosis.

The patient is receiving dextran 40 as a fluid replacement agent. What is the mechanism of action for this solution?

Explain what is acidosis and alkalosis, what are their symptoms, and how do you treat each.

The pharmacist is providing education to a patient on a loop diuretic. Which foods high in potassium should the pharmacist include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Most diuretic drugs cause sodium, potassium, and water to be excreted in the urine.

The patient has been prescribed furosemide. What are the potential side effects of this treatment? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.