Exam 23: Drugs for Bacterial Infections

The patient asks the pharmacist how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. What should the pharmacist include in the response? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

The pharmacist is caring for a patient who is prescribed a bacteriostatic medication. Which explanation by the pharmacist about these medications is most appropriate?

Organisms isolated from the specimens are grown in the laboratory and identified then various antibiotics are tested against those organisms. This is referred to as culture and sensitivity testing.

Phillip Peters is a 10 year old male weighing 30 kg with acute otitis media who presents an antibiotic prescription to your pharmacy. It reads: "cefprozil susp 30 mg/kg q12h x 5 d." You check his allergy information and Phillip is allergic to amoxicillin and peanuts. Proceed as you would in practice.

Ototoxicity is a common side effect of erythromycin and clarithromycin.

Some medications do not kill the bacteria but instead slow their growth, allowing the body's natural defences to eliminate the microorganisms. These medications would be:

Acquired resistance develops from taking too high a dose of antibiotics and less likely when smaller doses are administered over a longer period of time.

List ways to prevent resistance to antibiotics from developing.

Ways to decrease the development of resistance with antibiotics include (select all that apply): Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

List the common antibiotics in your area, their classification and their original brand name.

A highly virulent organism is one that can produce disease when present in very small numbers.

The patient has been prescribed cefotaxime. Which infections does the pharmacist anticipate this patient to have? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

An antibiotic can be either bacteriostatic or bactericidal, but never both.

Gram negative bacteria have a thicker cell wall than gram positive bacteria making them more difficult to kill.

The pharmacist is providing instructions to a patient being discharged on ciprofloxacin. What should be included in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

For medications to reach the microorganisms isolated in the tubercles of a patient suffering from tuberculosis, therapy must continue for 6 to 12 weeks.

A patient has been diagnosed with tuberculosis. How long does the pharmacist anticipate this patient will require treatment?

A patient is being admitted to the acute care floor. While obtaining the history, the patient tells the pharmacy technician she is allergic to penicillin. Which medication, if ordered by the physician, would be safe for this patient?

A common superinfection after the use of a broad spectrum antibiotic is vaginal yeast infections.