Question 1

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-anomie

Accepted Answer

Anomie is a sociological concept primarily developed by the French sociologist Émile Durkheim. It refers to a condition or state of society characterized by a breakdown of social norms and values, resulting in a lack of purpose, direction, or standards for individuals within that society. Here's a breakdown of the concept according to the "Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?" framework:

Who?
The term "anomie" is most closely associated with Émile Durkheim, who is one of the founding figures in the field of sociology. Other sociologists and social theorists have also contributed to the understanding and development of the concept.

What?
Anomie is the state of normlessness, where the expectations of behavior are unclear, and the system of values and norms that govern society's behavior are eroded or absent. This can lead to feelings of alienation and purposelessness among individuals, as well as a range of social problems, such as increased crime and deviance.

Where?
Anomie can occur in any society or community, but it is often discussed in the context of modern, industrialized societies. Durkheim's analysis of anomie was particularly focused on the changes that occur during rapid social and economic shifts, such as the transition from traditional agrarian societies to modern industrial ones.

When?
Durkheim introduced the concept of anomie in his 1893 work "The Division of Labor in Society," and further developed it in his 1897 study "Suicide." The concept has since been used to analyze various historical and contemporary periods, especially those marked by significant social change or upheaval.

Why Important?
Understanding anomie is important because it helps explain a range of social phenomena, particularly the rise in deviant behavior and social instability that can occur during periods of rapid change or stress in society. It provides a framework for analyzing the effects of societal transformation on individuals and communities. By recognizing the symptoms and causes of anomie, policymakers, social workers, and community leaders can work to develop strategies to strengthen social cohesion and mitigate the negative effects of social disintegration.

Question 2

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
  
-Almost the moment it was created (by the introduction of universal manhood suffrage in many European states in the late nineteenth century) modern democracy came under attack from political theorists. What are some of the attacks described in this book? Which of them do you find convincing and which do you not?

Accepted Answer

Some of the attacks described in this book include the criticism that modern democracy leads to the tyranny of the majority, that it is susceptible to manipulation and control by powerful elites, and that it can result in the erosion of individual rights and freedoms.

I find the criticism regarding the potential for manipulation and control by powerful elites to be convincing, as we have seen numerous examples of this in modern democracies. The influence of money and special interests in politics can undermine the will of the people and lead to policies that do not serve the common good.

On the other hand, I find the criticism regarding the erosion of individual rights and freedoms to be less convincing. While there are certainly instances where democratic governments have overstepped their bounds and infringed upon individual rights, the democratic system also provides mechanisms for addressing and rectifying such abuses through the rule of law and the protection of civil liberties.

Overall, while modern democracy is not without its flaws, I believe that it remains the best system of government for ensuring the representation and participation of the people in decision-making processes. However, it is important to remain vigilant and address the shortcomings and vulnerabilities of democracy in order to strengthen and preserve its integrity.

Question 3

It is generally recognized that Nietzsche's writings

Accepted Answer

A)  offered memoirs of his experiences in the Franco-Prussian War. 
B)  offered racist arguments. 
C)  called for a rising of the masses. 
D)  endorse Christianity. 
E)  None of these 
A)  offered memoirs of his experiences in the Franco-Prussian War. 
B)  offered racist arguments. 
C)  called for a rising of the masses. 
D)  endorse Christianity. 
E)  None of these E

Question 4

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-higher man

Accepted Answer

The term "higher man" refers to a concep

Question 5

One may associate ____ with Bergson.

Accepted Answer

A)  science 
B)  materialism 
C)  religious mysticism 
D)  liberal democracy 
E)  critical thinking 
A)  science 
B)  materialism 
C)  religious mysticism 
D)  liberal democracy 
E)  critical thinking

Question 6

The Modernist Movement may be said to have

Accepted Answer

A)  rejected classical and realist models. 
B)  been intent on eighteenth-century artistic rules. 
C)  stressed the need for rational control of art. 
D)  been a conformist movement. 
E)  rejected the romantic movement. 
A)  rejected classical and realist models. 
B)  been intent on eighteenth-century artistic rules. 
C)  stressed the need for rational control of art. 
D)  been a conformist movement. 
E)  rejected the romantic movement.

Question 7

The term nihilism means

Accepted Answer

A)  rejection of any absolute moral or social values. 
B)  belief that the universe is indecipherable chaos. 
C)  rejection of one's parents' beliefs. 
D)  the belief that God is present in everything. 
E)  rejection of socialism. 
A)  rejection of any absolute moral or social values. 
B)  belief that the universe is indecipherable chaos. 
C)  rejection of one's parents' beliefs. 
D)  the belief that God is present in everything. 
E)  rejection of socialism.

Question 8

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-Friedrich Nietzsche

Accepted Answer

Friedrich Nietzsche was a German philoso

Question 9

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-Max Planck

Accepted Answer

Max Planck was a German theoretical phys

Question 10

Bergson may be best associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  studying the id. 
B)  offering cultural studies of the nineteenth century. 
C)  being the first artist of the surrealist movement. 
D)  the idea that truth may be arrived at through rational criticism. 
E)  the idea that truth must be achieved by an intuitive experience. 
A)  studying the id. 
B)  offering cultural studies of the nineteenth century. 
C)  being the first artist of the surrealist movement. 
D)  the idea that truth may be arrived at through rational criticism. 
E)  the idea that truth must be achieved by an intuitive experience.

Question 11

​Which statement is an accurate depiction of modernist culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Reality can be grasped from a multiplicity of human experiences.​ 
B)  ​Human experience strives toward a single reality.​ 
C)  ​Religion must remain the core of morality or else human desires overwhelm social norms.​ 
D)  ​Artistic endeavors need to follow clear forms and structures.​ 
E)  ​Culture mirrors the perfect ideal of the superego. 
A)  ​Reality can be grasped from a multiplicity of human experiences.​ 
B)  ​Human experience strives toward a single reality.​ 
C)  ​Religion must remain the core of morality or else human desires overwhelm social norms.​ 
D)  ​Artistic endeavors need to follow clear forms and structures.​ 
E)  ​Culture mirrors the perfect ideal of the superego.

Question 12

The Second Scientific Revolution destroyed or altered which major scientific theories or beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heated bodies release heat in spurts. 
B)  According to Newtonian physics, the theories of time and space were proven. 
C)  Time and space do not disappear with material objects. 
D)  There is no absolute knowledge. 
E)  The earlier theory of absolute knowledge was reinforced. 
A)  Heated bodies release heat in spurts. 
B)  According to Newtonian physics, the theories of time and space were proven. 
C)  Time and space do not disappear with material objects. 
D)  There is no absolute knowledge. 
E)  The earlier theory of absolute knowledge was reinforced.

Question 13

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-Sigmund Freud

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was an Austria

Question 14

​Cubism was developed by

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Mondrain and Kandinsky. 
B)  ​Picasso and Braque. 
C)  ​Klee and Van Gogh. 
D)  ​Einstein and Bohr.​ 
E)  ​Planck and Stravinsky. 
A)  ​Mondrain and Kandinsky. 
B)  ​Picasso and Braque. 
C)  ​Klee and Van Gogh. 
D)  ​Einstein and Bohr.​ 
E)  ​Planck and Stravinsky.

Question 15

Sorel believed that a general strike ​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​was an irrational act. 
B)  ​betrayed the proletariat's real aspirations 
C)  ​had the appeal of a great mobilizing myth. 
D)  ​destroyed the role of the proletariat. 
E)  ​helped the decadent and soft bourgeois. 
A)  ​was an irrational act. 
B)  ​betrayed the proletariat's real aspirations 
C)  ​had the appeal of a great mobilizing myth. 
D)  ​destroyed the role of the proletariat. 
E)  ​helped the decadent and soft bourgeois.

Question 16

Modern artists would agree with each of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  the audience must be participants in the spirit of artistic creation. 
B)  there was more to be found in artistic creations than had been discovered by the old masters. 
C)  one should scatter complacent views of the traditions of western cultural forms. 
D)  there is no objective reality of space, motion, and time that has the same meaning to all observers. 
E)  reason must be the primary force in structuring a work of art and its message. 
A)  the audience must be participants in the spirit of artistic creation. 
B)  there was more to be found in artistic creations than had been discovered by the old masters. 
C)  one should scatter complacent views of the traditions of western cultural forms. 
D)  there is no objective reality of space, motion, and time that has the same meaning to all observers. 
E)  reason must be the primary force in structuring a work of art and its message.

Question 17

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-the unconscious

Accepted Answer

The unconscious refers to the part of th

Question 18

Pareto may be associated with which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Even in a so-called democracy, power rests with a few individuals. 
B)  In the crowd, the individual loses one's identity. 
C)  Modern man suffers from a "disenchantment of the world." 
D)  A utopian community in which all are equal and in which all share equally will be possible through education. 
E)  Democracy constitutes a rule by the people. 
A)  Even in a so-called democracy, power rests with a few individuals. 
B)  In the crowd, the individual loses one's identity. 
C)  Modern man suffers from a "disenchantment of the world." 
D)  A utopian community in which all are equal and in which all share equally will be possible through education. 
E)  Democracy constitutes a rule by the people.

Question 19

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-Max Weber

Accepted Answer

Max Weber was a German sociologist, phil

Question 20

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
  
-In what way did Emile Durkheim suggest that anomie of modern Western society might be corrected?

Accepted Answer

Emile Durkheim suggested that the anomie

Exam 17: Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature, Human Nature, and the Arts

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -anomie

It is generally recognized that Nietzsche's writings

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -higher man

One may associate ____ with Bergson.

The Modernist Movement may be said to have

The term nihilism means

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -Friedrich Nietzsche

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -Max Planck

Bergson may be best associated with

​Which statement is an accurate depiction of modernist culture?

The Second Scientific Revolution destroyed or altered which major scientific theories or beliefs?

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -Sigmund Freud

​Cubism was developed by

Sorel believed that a general strike ​

Modern artists would agree with each of the following except

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -the unconscious

Pareto may be associated with which of the following concepts?

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -Max Weber

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s). -In what way did Emile Durkheim suggest that anomie of modern Western society might be corrected?

The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations

The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual

The Greeks: From Myth to Reason

Rome: From City-State to World Empire

Early Christianity: a World Religion

The Rise of Europe: Fusion of Classical, Christian, and Germanic Traditions

The Flowering and Dissolution of Medieval Civilization

Transition to the Modern Age: Renaissance and Reformation

Political and Economic Transformation: National States, Overseas Expansion, Commercial Revolution

Intellectual Transformation: the Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment

The Era of the French Revolution: Affirmation of Liberty and Equality

The Industrial Revolution: the Transformation of Society

Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century

Surge of Liberalism and Nationalism: Revolution, Counterrevolution, and Unification

Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth Century: Realism, Positivism, Darwinism, and Social Criticism

Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century: Modernization, Nationalism, Imperialism

World War I: the West in Despair

An Era of Totalitarianism

World War 2: Western Civilization in the Balance

Europe After World War 2: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989

The Troubled Present

Filters

Which statement is an accurate depiction of modernist culture?

Cubism was developed by

Sorel believed that a general strike