Question 1

The evolution of a true brain (superganglion) occurred in

Accepted Answer

A)  animals with radial symmetry. 
B)  animals with bilateral symmetry 
C)  cnidarians. 
D)  echinoderms. 
E)  all animals having symmetry. 
A)  animals with radial symmetry. 
B)  animals with bilateral symmetry 
C)  cnidarians. 
D)  echinoderms. 
E)  all animals having symmetry.

Question 2

Outside of vertebrates, the octopus has the largest brain to body ratio.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Episodic memories are memories related to facts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The limbic system of the brain is involved in

Accepted Answer

A)  the control of movements involving the extremities, such as arm gestures. 
B)  the control of innate behaviors. 
C)  the response to hunger. 
D)  the response to fatigue. 
E)  none of these. 
A)  the control of movements involving the extremities, such as arm gestures. 
B)  the control of innate behaviors. 
C)  the response to hunger. 
D)  the response to fatigue. 
E)  none of these.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about brain size is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elephants have a larger number of neurons in their brain than humans do. 
B)  Octopods have a larger number of neurons in their brains than humans do. 
C)  The neurons in human brains are larger than the neurons in other primates' brains. 
D)  The brains of leaf-eating primates are larger than the brains of fruit-eating primates. 
E)  The ratio of brain size to body size is larger in baleen whales than in dolphins. 
A)  Elephants have a larger number of neurons in their brain than humans do. 
B)  Octopods have a larger number of neurons in their brains than humans do. 
C)  The neurons in human brains are larger than the neurons in other primates' brains. 
D)  The brains of leaf-eating primates are larger than the brains of fruit-eating primates. 
E)  The ratio of brain size to body size is larger in baleen whales than in dolphins.

Question 6

Which statement about nervous systems is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The arthropod nervous system has ganglia that lie within the central nervous system. 
B)  Arthropods have a solid and dorsal nerve cord 
C)  The nerve cord of vertebrates has a segmental branching pattern. 
D)  In vertebrates, interneurons are only found in the central nervous systems.. 
E)  In vertebrates only two neurotransmitters control the effector organ responses regulated by efferent neuronal terminals. 
A)  The arthropod nervous system has ganglia that lie within the central nervous system. 
B)  Arthropods have a solid and dorsal nerve cord 
C)  The nerve cord of vertebrates has a segmental branching pattern. 
D)  In vertebrates, interneurons are only found in the central nervous systems.. 
E)  In vertebrates only two neurotransmitters control the effector organ responses regulated by efferent neuronal terminals.

Question 7

Among the invertebrates, ________ have the most complex brains.

Accepted Answer

A)  insects 
B)  cephalopods 
C)  annelids 
D)  primates 
E)  echinoderms 
A)  insects 
B)  cephalopods 
C)  annelids 
D)  primates 
E)  echinoderms

Question 8

Individuals who have had a night of heavy drinking often have trouble remembering exactly what happened. This lapse in memory is the primary result of ethanol

Accepted Answer

A)  initiating inhibitory cAMP pathways involved in memory storage. 
B)  slowing the transfer of short term memory events into long term memory storage. 
C)  slowing the release of calcium in presynaptic neurons. 
D)  blocking binding to NMDA receptors. 
E)  blocking LTP pathways. 
A)  initiating inhibitory cAMP pathways involved in memory storage. 
B)  slowing the transfer of short term memory events into long term memory storage. 
C)  slowing the release of calcium in presynaptic neurons. 
D)  blocking binding to NMDA receptors. 
E)  blocking LTP pathways.

Question 9

Changes in the interconnections among neurons that occur in response to experience are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic plasticity. 
B)  the amazing regenerating capacity of the brain. 
C)  mutation. 
D)  growth. 
E)  none of these. 
A)  synaptic plasticity. 
B)  the amazing regenerating capacity of the brain. 
C)  mutation. 
D)  growth. 
E)  none of these.

Question 10

Which statement about fixed action patterns is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They occur in both vertebrates and invertebrates. 
B)  They are not considered to be reflexes. 
C)  They use command fibers located in the central nervous system. 
D)  They are generated in response to a specific stimulus. 
E)  A species of animals will carry out the behavior in the same manner. 
A)  They occur in both vertebrates and invertebrates. 
B)  They are not considered to be reflexes. 
C)  They use command fibers located in the central nervous system. 
D)  They are generated in response to a specific stimulus. 
E)  A species of animals will carry out the behavior in the same manner.

Question 11

Nerve nets

Accepted Answer

A)  are the simplest type of nervous system. 
B)  are simple. 
C)  are found in cnidarians. 
D)  are not primitive. 
E)  All of these. 
A)  are the simplest type of nervous system. 
B)  are simple. 
C)  are found in cnidarians. 
D)  are not primitive. 
E)  All of these.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an advantage conferred by centralization of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  The delay between sensory stimulus input and motor response allows an individual to weigh the merits of its options. 
B)  The output neuron can receive inputs from multiple sources, including "higher" centers like the brain. 
C)  The "higher" centers can suppress reflex responses. 
D)  The "higher" centers can alter sensitivity of the motor neuron to its other inputs. 
E)  The "higher" centers can activate motor neurons in an anticipatory fashion. 
A)  The delay between sensory stimulus input and motor response allows an individual to weigh the merits of its options. 
B)  The output neuron can receive inputs from multiple sources, including "higher" centers like the brain. 
C)  The "higher" centers can suppress reflex responses. 
D)  The "higher" centers can alter sensitivity of the motor neuron to its other inputs. 
E)  The "higher" centers can activate motor neurons in an anticipatory fashion.

Question 13

Neurogenesis is an example of plasticity in the human central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Glial cells make up over 80% of the human brain in both number of total cells and
 volume occupied by the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A centralized brain can be detrimental to some kinds of neural regulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A division of the central nervous system, the enteric nervous system, innervates the 
 kidneys and intestinal tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Parasympathetic nervous system

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensitization 
B)  Calcium channel inactivation 
C)  Days 
D)  Synaptic formation 
E)  Modified ganglion
F) Retrograde signal
G) Fight-or-flight
H) Neuronal networks
I) Nerve nets
J) Rest-and-digest 
A)  Sensitization 
B)  Calcium channel inactivation 
C)  Days 
D)  Synaptic formation 
E)  Modified ganglion
F) Retrograde signal
G) Fight-or-flight
H) Neuronal networks
I) Nerve nets
J) Rest-and-digest

Question 18

The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system

Accepted Answer

A)  generally exert opposite effects on visceral organs. 
B)  are sensory and motor, respectively. 
C)  are central and peripheral, respectively. 
D)  are autonomic and automatic, respectively. 
E)  are generally excitatory and inhibitory, respectively. 
A)  generally exert opposite effects on visceral organs. 
B)  are sensory and motor, respectively. 
C)  are central and peripheral, respectively. 
D)  are autonomic and automatic, respectively. 
E)  are generally excitatory and inhibitory, respectively.

Question 19

Which brain area and function are NOT correctly paired?

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum: skilled voluntary activity 
B)  brain stem: sense of fear 
C)  thalamic region: crude awareness of sensation 
D)  cerebral cortex: personality traits 
E)  amygdala: emotional memories 
A)  cerebellum: skilled voluntary activity 
B)  brain stem: sense of fear 
C)  thalamic region: crude awareness of sensation 
D)  cerebral cortex: personality traits 
E)  amygdala: emotional memories

Question 20

The stretch reflex differs from the withdrawal reflex in that

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of the afferent results only in excitatory reflex responses in the former case, but in both excitatory and inhibitory responses in the latter case. 
B)  the former is monosynaptic and the latter is polysynaptic. 
C)  the motor neurons associated with the former directly stimulate muscle stretching while those associated with the latter cause muscle contraction. 
D)  two of these. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  activation of the afferent results only in excitatory reflex responses in the former case, but in both excitatory and inhibitory responses in the latter case. 
B)  the former is monosynaptic and the latter is polysynaptic. 
C)  the motor neurons associated with the former directly stimulate muscle stretching while those associated with the latter cause muscle contraction. 
D)  two of these. 
E)  all of these.

The evolution of a true brain (superganglion) occurred in

Outside of vertebrates, the octopus has the largest brain to body ratio.

Episodic memories are memories related to facts.

The limbic system of the brain is involved in

Which of the following statements about brain size is true?

Which statement about nervous systems is NOT true?

Among the invertebrates, ________ have the most complex brains.

Individuals who have had a night of heavy drinking often have trouble remembering exactly what happened. This lapse in memory is the primary result of ethanol

Changes in the interconnections among neurons that occur in response to experience are examples of

Which statement about fixed action patterns is NOT true?

Nerve nets

Which of the following is NOT an advantage conferred by centralization of the nervous system?

Neurogenesis is an example of plasticity in the human central nervous system.

Glial cells make up over 80% of the human brain in both number of total cells and volume occupied by the nervous system.

A centralized brain can be detrimental to some kinds of neural regulation.

A division of the central nervous system, the enteric nervous system, innervates the kidneys and intestinal tract.

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Parasympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system

Which brain area and function are NOT correctly paired?

The stretch reflex differs from the withdrawal reflex in that

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Membrane Physiology

Neuronal Physiology

Sensory Physiology

Endocrine Systems

Muscle Physiology

Circulatory Systems

Defense Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Digestive Systems

Energy Balance and Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Systems

Filters

Exam 5: Nervous Systems

The evolution of a true brain (superganglion) occurred in

Outside of vertebrates, the octopus has the largest brain to body ratio.

Episodic memories are memories related to facts.

The limbic system of the brain is involved in

Which of the following statements about brain size is true?

Which statement about nervous systems is NOT true?

Among the invertebrates, ________ have the most complex brains.

Individuals who have had a night of heavy drinking often have trouble remembering exactly what happened. This lapse in memory is the primary result of ethanol

Changes in the interconnections among neurons that occur in response to experience are examples of

Which statement about fixed action patterns is NOT true?

Nerve nets

Which of the following is NOT an advantage conferred by centralization of the nervous system?

Neurogenesis is an example of plasticity in the human central nervous system.

Glial cells make up over 80% of the human brain in both number of total cells and volume occupied by the nervous system.

A centralized brain can be detrimental to some kinds of neural regulation.

A division of the central nervous system, the enteric nervous system, innervates the kidneys and intestinal tract.

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Parasympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system

Which brain area and function are NOT correctly paired?

The stretch reflex differs from the withdrawal reflex in that

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Membrane Physiology

Neuronal Physiology

Sensory Physiology

Endocrine Systems

Muscle Physiology

Circulatory Systems

Defense Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Digestive Systems

Energy Balance and Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Systems

Filters