Question 1

Load and velocity are directly related for eccentric contractions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Golgi tendon organs are

Accepted Answer

A)  regulated by the activity of $\gamma$motor neurons. 
B)  activated by sensory input from the muscle spindle. 
C)  activated by changes in muscle tension. 
D)  activated by changes in muscle length. 
E)  activated by input from the muscle receptor organ. 
A)  regulated by the activity of $\gamma$motor neurons. 
B)  activated by sensory input from the muscle spindle. 
C)  activated by changes in muscle tension. 
D)  activated by changes in muscle length. 
E)  activated by input from the muscle receptor organ.

Question 3

Which of the following does NOT affect the tension that can be developed by a muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of motor units recruited 
B)  the frequency of action potentials conducted by the motor neuron 
C)  the length of the fiber at the onset of contraction 
D)  diameter of the muscle fiber 
E)  All of these affect tension development by a muscle fiber. 
A)  the number of motor units recruited 
B)  the frequency of action potentials conducted by the motor neuron 
C)  the length of the fiber at the onset of contraction 
D)  diameter of the muscle fiber 
E)  All of these affect tension development by a muscle fiber.

Question 4

The stress relaxation response enables hollow organs, like the stomach, to accommodate increases in the volume of its contents. Typically, an upper limit is placed on the volume, however, by

Accepted Answer

A)  reflex contraction initiated in response to stretch. 
B)  tension due to stretching of the intermediate filaments within the smooth muscle. 
C)  inelastic connective tissue associated with the smooth muscle of the organ. 
D)  the number of cross-bridge sites present on the myosin filaments. 
A)  reflex contraction initiated in response to stretch. 
B)  tension due to stretching of the intermediate filaments within the smooth muscle. 
C)  inelastic connective tissue associated with the smooth muscle of the organ. 
D)  the number of cross-bridge sites present on the myosin filaments.

Question 5

Compare and contrast 8 major characteristics of multiunit and single-unit smooth muscle.

Accepted Answer

Multiunit smooth muscle and single-unit

Question 6

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Ryanodine receptor

Accepted Answer

A)  T tubule 
B)  Lateral sacs 
C)  Motor endplate 
D)  Heart 
E)  Type I
F) Type IIa
G) Type IIx
H) ATP depletion
I) Myosin heads
J) Myosin tails 
A)  T tubule 
B)  Lateral sacs 
C)  Motor endplate 
D)  Heart 
E)  Type I
F) Type IIa
G) Type IIx
H) ATP depletion
I) Myosin heads
J) Myosin tails

Question 7

Varicosities

Accepted Answer

A)  are bulges at the end of certain types of nerve terminal branches 
B)  can be found on the postganglionic autonomic fibers associated with certain smooth muscle cells 
C)  contain neurotransmitter 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these. 
A)  are bulges at the end of certain types of nerve terminal branches 
B)  can be found on the postganglionic autonomic fibers associated with certain smooth muscle cells 
C)  contain neurotransmitter 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these.

Question 8

Multiunit smooth muscle is considered neurogenic, which means

Accepted Answer

A)  contraction occurs following a spontaneous depolarization event. 
B)  contraction is regulated by pacemaker cells lying within the muscle. 
C)  the muscle is stimulated to contract through direct nervous input. 
D)  contraction is proportional to the generator potential of the nerve. 
E)  more than one of these. 
A)  contraction occurs following a spontaneous depolarization event. 
B)  contraction is regulated by pacemaker cells lying within the muscle. 
C)  the muscle is stimulated to contract through direct nervous input. 
D)  contraction is proportional to the generator potential of the nerve. 
E)  more than one of these.

Question 9

Regarding the proprioceptors concerned with muscles, the ________ gives information about muscle length, whereas the ________ gives information about muscle tension.

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle spindle; Golgi tendon organ 
B)  Golgi tendon organ; muscle spindle 
C)  muscle spindle; Golgi apparatus 
D)  Golgi apparatus; muscle spindle 
E)  None of these. 
A)  muscle spindle; Golgi tendon organ 
B)  Golgi tendon organ; muscle spindle 
C)  muscle spindle; Golgi apparatus 
D)  Golgi apparatus; muscle spindle 
E)  None of these.

Question 10

One way one can purify myosin from other skeletal muscle proteins is to immobilize actin on a column, pour a mix of the muscle proteins through, wash first to get out the nonspecific proteins and then do a second to wash to obtain myosin. Based on the contraction cycle, your first wash should

Accepted Answer

A)  include ATP, but the second wash should not. 
B)  not include ATP, but the second wash should. 
C)  include ATP, as should the second wash. 
D)  not include ATP, and neither should the second. 
E)  should include calcium, but the second one should not. 
A)  include ATP, but the second wash should not. 
B)  not include ATP, but the second wash should. 
C)  include ATP, as should the second wash. 
D)  not include ATP, and neither should the second. 
E)  should include calcium, but the second one should not.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rigor mortis occurs as a result of a rise in intracellular calcium concentrations. 
B)  In skeletal muscle a single action potential lasts about 5-10 msec. 
C)  In skeletal muscle the relaxation time lasts slightly longer than the contractile time. 
D)  In skeletal muscle the contractile response ceases when the lateral sacs take up Ca2+. 
E)  A spring can move much faster than a muscle can contract. 
A)  Rigor mortis occurs as a result of a rise in intracellular calcium concentrations. 
B)  In skeletal muscle a single action potential lasts about 5-10 msec. 
C)  In skeletal muscle the relaxation time lasts slightly longer than the contractile time. 
D)  In skeletal muscle the contractile response ceases when the lateral sacs take up Ca2+. 
E)  A spring can move much faster than a muscle can contract.

Question 12

Which fibers will have a rich blood supply and a high myoglobin content?

Accepted Answer

A)  slow oxidative fibers (Type I) 
B)  fast oxidative fibers (Type IIa) 
C)  fast glycolytic fibers (Type IIx) 
D)  fast and slow glycolytic fibers 
E)  fast and slow oxidative fibers 
A)  slow oxidative fibers (Type I) 
B)  fast oxidative fibers (Type IIa) 
C)  fast glycolytic fibers (Type IIx) 
D)  fast and slow glycolytic fibers 
E)  fast and slow oxidative fibers

Question 13

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Dihydropyridine receptor

Accepted Answer

A)  T tubule 
B)  Lateral sacs 
C)  Motor endplate 
D)  Heart 
E)  Type I
F) Type IIa
G) Type IIx
H) ATP depletion
I) Myosin heads
J) Myosin tails 
A)  T tubule 
B)  Lateral sacs 
C)  Motor endplate 
D)  Heart 
E)  Type I
F) Type IIa
G) Type IIx
H) ATP depletion
I) Myosin heads
J) Myosin tails

Question 14

Explain why muscles evolved for speed.

Accepted Answer

Muscles evolved for speed because speed

Question 15

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gamma motor neuron activity is too weak to affect whole muscle tension. 
B)  Golgi tendon organs lie within the belly of the muscle. 
C)  A muscle spindle is a collection of extrafusal fibers. 
D)  The primary purpose of the stretch reflex is to counteract the unintended contraction of the quadriceps. 
E)  Each muscle spindle has one efferent and two afferent neurons which are used for reciprocal innvervation. 
A)  Gamma motor neuron activity is too weak to affect whole muscle tension. 
B)  Golgi tendon organs lie within the belly of the muscle. 
C)  A muscle spindle is a collection of extrafusal fibers. 
D)  The primary purpose of the stretch reflex is to counteract the unintended contraction of the quadriceps. 
E)  Each muscle spindle has one efferent and two afferent neurons which are used for reciprocal innvervation.

Question 16

Which of the following features distinguishes cardiac muscle from skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiac muscle contraction is modified by hormones. 
B)  Cardiac cells lack T tubules. 
C)  Only cardiac muscle has slow myosin ATPase activity. 
D)  In skeletal muscle Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  Skeletal muscle has thick myosin and thin actin filaments 
A)  Cardiac muscle contraction is modified by hormones. 
B)  Cardiac cells lack T tubules. 
C)  Only cardiac muscle has slow myosin ATPase activity. 
D)  In skeletal muscle Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  Skeletal muscle has thick myosin and thin actin filaments

Question 17

Which of the following choices most accurately represents the sequence of steps occurring in the contraction cycle? The events numbered 1 through 6 may be used more than once.
1) Mysoin binds ATP
2) Mysoin hydrolyzes ATP and goes into cocked position
3) Myosin releases ADP and inorganic phosphate
4) Myosin binds actin filament
5) Power stroke
6) Myosin releases actin filament

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 
B)  1, 2, 4, 3, 5, 1, 6 
C)  1, 6, 2, 4, 3, 5, 1, 6 
D)  1, 2, 6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 
E)  None of these. 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 
B)  1, 2, 4, 3, 5, 1, 6 
C)  1, 6, 2, 4, 3, 5, 1, 6 
D)  1, 2, 6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 
E)  None of these.

Question 18

In an isotonic, concentric contraction,

Accepted Answer

A)  circular muscles (like those in the iris of the eye) contract, making a smaller aperture. 
B)  muscle length shortens while tension remains constant. 
C)  muscle lengths shorten, drawing objects closer to the body midline. 
D)  None of these. 
A)  circular muscles (like those in the iris of the eye) contract, making a smaller aperture. 
B)  muscle length shortens while tension remains constant. 
C)  muscle lengths shorten, drawing objects closer to the body midline. 
D)  None of these.

Load and velocity are directly related for eccentric contractions.

Golgi tendon organs are

Which of the following does NOT affect the tension that can be developed by a muscle fiber?

The stress relaxation response enables hollow organs, like the stomach, to accommodate increases in the volume of its contents. Typically, an upper limit is placed on the volume, however, by

Compare and contrast 8 major characteristics of multiunit and single-unit smooth muscle.

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Ryanodine receptor

Varicosities

Multiunit smooth muscle is considered neurogenic, which means

Regarding the proprioceptors concerned with muscles, the gives information about muscle length, whereas the gives information about muscle tension.

One way one can purify myosin from other skeletal muscle proteins is to immobilize actin on a column, pour a mix of the muscle proteins through, wash first to get out the nonspecific proteins and then do a second to wash to obtain myosin. Based on the contraction cycle, your first wash should

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Which fibers will have a rich blood supply and a high myoglobin content?

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Dihydropyridine receptor

Explain why muscles evolved for speed.

Which of the following statements is correct?

Which of the following features distinguishes cardiac muscle from skeletal muscle?

In an isotonic, concentric contraction,

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Exam 8: Muscle Physiology

Load and velocity are directly related for eccentric contractions.

Golgi tendon organs are

Which of the following does NOT affect the tension that can be developed by a muscle fiber?

The stress relaxation response enables hollow organs, like the stomach, to accommodate increases in the volume of its contents. Typically, an upper limit is placed on the volume, however, by

Compare and contrast 8 major characteristics of multiunit and single-unit smooth muscle.

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Ryanodine receptor

Varicosities

Multiunit smooth muscle is considered neurogenic, which means

Regarding the proprioceptors concerned with muscles, the ________ gives information about muscle length, whereas the ________ gives information about muscle tension.

One way one can purify myosin from other skeletal muscle proteins is to immobilize actin on a column, pour a mix of the muscle proteins through, wash first to get out the nonspecific proteins and then do a second to wash to obtain myosin. Based on the contraction cycle, your first wash should

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Which fibers will have a rich blood supply and a high myoglobin content?

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Dihydropyridine receptor

Explain why muscles evolved for speed.

Which of the following statements is correct?

Which of the following features distinguishes cardiac muscle from skeletal muscle?

In an isotonic, concentric contraction,

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Membrane Physiology

Neuronal Physiology

Nervous Systems

Sensory Physiology

Endocrine Systems

Circulatory Systems

Defense Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Digestive Systems

Energy Balance and Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Systems

Filters

Regarding the proprioceptors concerned with muscles, the gives information about muscle length, whereas the gives information about muscle tension.