Question 1

The movement of which two ions is responsible for maintaining the plateau phase of the action potential of contractile cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ and Cl- 
B)  Na+ and K+ 
C)  K+ and Cl- 
D)  Ca2+ and Na+ 
E)  Ca2+ and K+ 
A)  Na+ and Cl- 
B)  Na+ and K+ 
C)  K+ and Cl- 
D)  Ca2+ and Na+ 
E)  Ca2+ and K+

Question 2

Venous return and by extension end-diastolic volume are examples of factors directly related to the _____ control of stroke volume.

Accepted Answer

A)  endocrine 
B)  nervous 
C)  extrinsic 
D)  intrinsic 
E)  sympathetic 
A)  endocrine 
B)  nervous 
C)  extrinsic 
D)  intrinsic 
E)  sympathetic

Question 3

Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

Accepted Answer

A)  increases venous return to the heart. 
B)  has an impact on the ventricular conduction pathway. 
C)  increases the number of cross-bridges that can form during contraction. 
D)  increases the strength of contraction. 
E)  none of these. 
A)  increases venous return to the heart. 
B)  has an impact on the ventricular conduction pathway. 
C)  increases the number of cross-bridges that can form during contraction. 
D)  increases the strength of contraction. 
E)  none of these.

Question 4

It is exposed collagen that initiates the clotting cascade.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Differences in flow are determined by the amount of vascularization and the amount of
resistance in the arterioles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the heart is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The left side of the heart is stronger than the right side. 
B)  The right side of the heart is stronger than the left side. 
C)  The left side of the heart pumps a greater volume of blood than the right side. 
D)  The right side of the heart pumps a greater volume of blood than the left side. 
E)  None of these. 
A)  The left side of the heart is stronger than the right side. 
B)  The right side of the heart is stronger than the left side. 
C)  The left side of the heart pumps a greater volume of blood than the right side. 
D)  The right side of the heart pumps a greater volume of blood than the left side. 
E)  None of these.

Question 7

Compare and contrast the effect of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation on the SA node, AV node, arterial muscle, ventricular muscle, and veins.

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulat

Question 8

Which of the following components is essential for a circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid 
B)  pump-organ 
C)  vessels 
D)  cells 
E)  all of these 
A)  fluid 
B)  pump-organ 
C)  vessels 
D)  cells 
E)  all of these

Question 9

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding sympathetic stimulation of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases the rate of depolarization of the SA node. 
B)  It increases excitability of the AV node. 
C)  It results in stronger ventricular contractions. 
D)  It increases venous return. 
E)  None of these. 
A)  It increases the rate of depolarization of the SA node. 
B)  It increases excitability of the AV node. 
C)  It results in stronger ventricular contractions. 
D)  It increases venous return. 
E)  None of these.

Question 10

Although the Frank-Starling mechanism can be accounted for in terms of length-tension relationships, one could also invoke increases in cytosolic calcium resulting from opening of stretch-activated calcium channels. What role does calcium play in muscle contraction, and why would increasing cytosolic calcium levels increase the amount of tension developed?

Accepted Answer

Calcium plays a crucial role in muscle c

Question 11

The hematocrit is

Accepted Answer

A)  the packed hemocytes found in hemolymph. 
B)  the packed red blood cells only. 
C)  the packed white blood cells only. 
D)  the total packed cell volume of blood. 
E)  the total volume of oxygen carried in the blood. 
A)  the packed hemocytes found in hemolymph. 
B)  the packed red blood cells only. 
C)  the packed white blood cells only. 
D)  the total packed cell volume of blood. 
E)  the total volume of oxygen carried in the blood.

Question 12

Plasma proteins constitute about _____ percent of plasma by weight.

Accepted Answer

A)  8- 10 
B)  6 - 8 
C)  4 - 6 
D)  1 - 4 
A)  8- 10 
B)  6 - 8 
C)  4 - 6 
D)  1 - 4

Question 13

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Factor XII

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemolymph 
B)  Hageman factor 
C)  Oxygen transport 
D)  Parasympathetic neurotransmitter 
E)  Clotting
F) Sympathetic neurotransmitter
G) "good cholesterol"
H) Elasmobranchs
I) Copper
J) Iron 
A)  Hemolymph 
B)  Hageman factor 
C)  Oxygen transport 
D)  Parasympathetic neurotransmitter 
E)  Clotting
F) Sympathetic neurotransmitter
G) "good cholesterol"
H) Elasmobranchs
I) Copper
J) Iron

Question 14

Erythrocytes function in the transport of CO2 by

Accepted Answer

A)  containing carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes the interconversion of CO2 and bicarbonate. 
B)  containing hemoglobin, which binds CO2 to the iron portion. 
C)  containing hemoglobin, which binds CO2 to the protein portion. 
D)  both containing carbonic anhydrase and binding CO2 to the iron portion. 
E)  both containing carbonic anhydrase and binding CO2 to the protein portion. 
A)  containing carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes the interconversion of CO2 and bicarbonate. 
B)  containing hemoglobin, which binds CO2 to the iron portion. 
C)  containing hemoglobin, which binds CO2 to the protein portion. 
D)  both containing carbonic anhydrase and binding CO2 to the iron portion. 
E)  both containing carbonic anhydrase and binding CO2 to the protein portion.

Question 15

In the heart of cartilaginous fishes, blood enters the _____ and is returned to the systemic circulation by the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  right atrium; left ventricle 
B)  sinus venosus; conus arteriosus 
C)  sinus arteriosus; conus venosus 
D)  sinus venosus; bulbus arteriosus 
E)  sinus arteriosus; bulbus venosus 
A)  right atrium; left ventricle 
B)  sinus venosus; conus arteriosus 
C)  sinus arteriosus; conus venosus 
D)  sinus venosus; bulbus arteriosus 
E)  sinus arteriosus; bulbus venosus

Question 16

Concentration gradients not bulk flow of solutes determines the distribution of
 extracellular fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Capillaries are the vessels with the smallest diameter, yet they offer less resistance to flow than the arterioles. How can these facts be reconciled, given that resistance (R) is inversely proportional to the radius raised to the 4th power (r4)?

Accepted Answer

The fact that capillaries have the small

Question 18

Venous return is affected by

Accepted Answer

A)  the cardiac suction effect. 
B)  the respiratory pump. 
C)  the skeletal muscle pump. 
D)  none of these. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  the cardiac suction effect. 
B)  the respiratory pump. 
C)  the skeletal muscle pump. 
D)  none of these. 
E)  all of these.

Question 19

The total cross-sectional area of arteries is less than that of the arterioles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In humans, old, worn out erythrocytes are destroyed in the _____ and their replacements are derived from _____ residing in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  spleen; pluripotent stem cells; red marrow 
B)  spleen; embryonic stem cells; red marrow 
C)  red marrow; pluripotent stem cells; spleen 
D)  red marrow; embryonic stem cells; spleen 
E)  liver; pluripotent stem cells; red marrow 
A)  spleen; pluripotent stem cells; red marrow 
B)  spleen; embryonic stem cells; red marrow 
C)  red marrow; pluripotent stem cells; spleen 
D)  red marrow; embryonic stem cells; spleen 
E)  liver; pluripotent stem cells; red marrow

The movement of which two ions is responsible for maintaining the plateau phase of the action potential of contractile cardiac muscle cells?

Venous return and by extension end-diastolic volume are examples of factors directly related to the _____ control of stroke volume.

Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

It is exposed collagen that initiates the clotting cascade.

Differences in flow are determined by the amount of vascularization and the amount of resistance in the arterioles.

Which of the following statements about the heart is true?

Compare and contrast the effect of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation on the SA node, AV node, arterial muscle, ventricular muscle, and veins.

Which of the following components is essential for a circulatory system?

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding sympathetic stimulation of the heart?

The hematocrit is

Plasma proteins constitute about _____ percent of plasma by weight.

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Factor XII

Erythrocytes function in the transport of CO₂ by

In the heart of cartilaginous fishes, blood enters the _ and is returned to the systemic circulation by the _.

Concentration gradients not bulk flow of solutes determines the distribution of extracellular fluids.

Capillaries are the vessels with the smallest diameter, yet they offer less resistance to flow than the arterioles. How can these facts be reconciled, given that resistance (R) is inversely proportional to the radius raised to the 4^th power (r⁴)?

Venous return is affected by

The total cross-sectional area of arteries is less than that of the arterioles.

In humans, old, worn out erythrocytes are destroyed in the ___ and their replacements are derived from _ residing in the ___.

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Membrane Physiology

Neuronal Physiology

Nervous Systems

Sensory Physiology

Endocrine Systems

Muscle Physiology

Defense Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Digestive Systems

Energy Balance and Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Systems

Filters

Exam 9: Circulatory Systems

The movement of which two ions is responsible for maintaining the plateau phase of the action potential of contractile cardiac muscle cells?

Venous return and by extension end-diastolic volume are examples of factors directly related to the _____ control of stroke volume.

Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

It is exposed collagen that initiates the clotting cascade.

Differences in flow are determined by the amount of vascularization and the amount of resistance in the arterioles.

Which of the following statements about the heart is true?

Compare and contrast the effect of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation on the SA node, AV node, arterial muscle, ventricular muscle, and veins.

Which of the following components is essential for a circulatory system?

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding sympathetic stimulation of the heart?

The hematocrit is

Plasma proteins constitute about _____ percent of plasma by weight.

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Factor XII

Erythrocytes function in the transport of CO2 by

In the heart of cartilaginous fishes, blood enters the _____ and is returned to the systemic circulation by the _____.

Concentration gradients not bulk flow of solutes determines the distribution of extracellular fluids.

Capillaries are the vessels with the smallest diameter, yet they offer less resistance to flow than the arterioles. How can these facts be reconciled, given that resistance (R) is inversely proportional to the radius raised to the 4th power (r4)?

Venous return is affected by

The total cross-sectional area of arteries is less than that of the arterioles.

In humans, old, worn out erythrocytes are destroyed in the _____ and their replacements are derived from _____ residing in the _____.

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Membrane Physiology

Neuronal Physiology

Nervous Systems

Sensory Physiology

Endocrine Systems

Muscle Physiology

Defense Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Digestive Systems

Energy Balance and Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Systems

Filters

Erythrocytes function in the transport of CO₂ by

In the heart of cartilaginous fishes, blood enters the _ and is returned to the systemic circulation by the _.

Capillaries are the vessels with the smallest diameter, yet they offer less resistance to flow than the arterioles. How can these facts be reconciled, given that resistance (R) is inversely proportional to the radius raised to the 4^th power (r⁴)?

In humans, old, worn out erythrocytes are destroyed in the ___ and their replacements are derived from _ residing in the ___.