Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of the special tests to assess injury to the ankle ligaments?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are used as a last resort when there are no visible signs of an injury. 
B)  They require the use of a tuning fork to determine whether there is a rupture of the Achilles tendon. 
C)  Their diagnostic accuracy is higher at five days following injury than at two days. 
D)  They are most diagnostically accurate when performed after joint effusion has occurred. 
E)  They require suspected fractures to be tested by squeezing the calf muscle while the leg is extended. 
A)  They are used as a last resort when there are no visible signs of an injury. 
B)  They require the use of a tuning fork to determine whether there is a rupture of the Achilles tendon. 
C)  Their diagnostic accuracy is higher at five days following injury than at two days. 
D)  They are most diagnostically accurate when performed after joint effusion has occurred. 
E)  They require suspected fractures to be tested by squeezing the calf muscle while the leg is extended. C

Question 2

An athlete is suffering from medial tibial stress syndrome, complaining of pain before and after activity, but it does not affect performance. What grade of pain would the patient be assigned?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grade 1 
B)  Grade 2 
C)  Grade 3 
D)  Grade 4 
E)  Grade 5 
A)  Grade 1 
B)  Grade 2 
C)  Grade 3 
D)  Grade 4 
E)  Grade 5 B

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of posterior tibialis tendinitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is characterized by a numb sensation in the area of the medial malleolus. 
B)  It is managed using a weight-bearing cast on the leg. 
C)  It is a problem that affects individuals if they have a pes cavus. 
D)  It is a common overuse condition among runners with pronated feet. 
E)  It is most likely to affect individuals who run downhill for an extended period of time. 
A)  It is characterized by a numb sensation in the area of the medial malleolus. 
B)  It is managed using a weight-bearing cast on the leg. 
C)  It is a problem that affects individuals if they have a pes cavus. 
D)  It is a common overuse condition among runners with pronated feet. 
E)  It is most likely to affect individuals who run downhill for an extended period of time. D

Question 4

What are the correct movements that occur at the talocrural joint?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inversion and eversion 
B)  Flexion and extension 
C)  Supination and pronation 
D)  Accessory motions 
E)  Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion 
A)  Inversion and eversion 
B)  Flexion and extension 
C)  Supination and pronation 
D)  Accessory motions 
E)  Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

Question 5

Which of the following refers to the talocrural joint formed by the tibia, fibula, and talus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extensor retinacula 
B)  Medial condyle 
C)  Intercondylar eminence 
D)  Medial malleolus 
E)  Ankle mortise 
A)  Extensor retinacula 
B)  Medial condyle 
C)  Intercondylar eminence 
D)  Medial malleolus 
E)  Ankle mortise

Question 6

Which of the following diagnostic techniques would be the MOST APPROPRIATE for diagnosis of a tibial stress fracture?

Accepted Answer

A)  MRI 
B)  X-ray 
C)  Echocardiogram 
D)  Bone scan 
E)  Sonogram 
A)  MRI 
B)  X-ray 
C)  Echocardiogram 
D)  Bone scan 
E)  Sonogram

Question 7

In the history section of an ankle assessment, what would be considered an inappropriate question to ask the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Have you ever hurt your ankle before? 
B)  How disabling was the injury? 
C)  Do you think your age contributes to your chronic ankle sprains? 
D)  What first aid and therapy, if any, were given for this, or previous injuries? 
E)  Was there immediate swelling, or was it gradual, or none at all? 
A)  Have you ever hurt your ankle before? 
B)  How disabling was the injury? 
C)  Do you think your age contributes to your chronic ankle sprains? 
D)  What first aid and therapy, if any, were given for this, or previous injuries? 
E)  Was there immediate swelling, or was it gradual, or none at all?

Question 8

What is known as a bimalleolar fracture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Posey fracture 
B)  Masionneuve fracture 
C)  Ottawa fracture 
D)  Potts fracture 
E)  Avulsion fracture 
A)  Posey fracture 
B)  Masionneuve fracture 
C)  Ottawa fracture 
D)  Potts fracture 
E)  Avulsion fracture

Question 9

What would be considered a key element to address with patients who have chronic ankle instabilities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orthotics 
B)  Prophylactic bracing 
C)  Neuromuscular control 
D)  Increasing range of motion 
E)  Introduction of therapeutic modalities 
A)  Orthotics 
B)  Prophylactic bracing 
C)  Neuromuscular control 
D)  Increasing range of motion 
E)  Introduction of therapeutic modalities

Question 10

What is the primary function of the calcaneofibular ligament?

Accepted Answer

A)  Restrains the anterior displacement of the talus 
B)  Restrains inversion of calcaneus 
C)  Restrains the posterior displacement of the talus 
D)  Prevents abduction and eversion of ankle and subtalar joint 
E)  Prevents eversion, pronation, and anterior displacement of the talus 
A)  Restrains the anterior displacement of the talus 
B)  Restrains inversion of calcaneus 
C)  Restrains the posterior displacement of the talus 
D)  Prevents abduction and eversion of ankle and subtalar joint 
E)  Prevents eversion, pronation, and anterior displacement of the talus

Question 11

What structures help prevent medial or lateral displacement of the talus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ligaments 
B)  Tarsals 
C)  Tendons 
D)  Malleoli 
E)  Capsules 
A)  Ligaments 
B)  Tarsals 
C)  Tendons 
D)  Malleoli 
E)  Capsules

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of a syndesmotic sprain?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the most common type of sprain. 
B)  It delays the return to functional activities for a shorter period of time than inversion sprains. 
C)  Its treatment requires a shorter period of immobilization than the treatment for medial sprains. 
D)  It is the easiest type of sprain to treat. 
E)  It is characterized by a loss of function in the ankle region. 
A)  It is the most common type of sprain. 
B)  It delays the return to functional activities for a shorter period of time than inversion sprains. 
C)  Its treatment requires a shorter period of immobilization than the treatment for medial sprains. 
D)  It is the easiest type of sprain to treat. 
E)  It is characterized by a loss of function in the ankle region.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true of a grade 2 ligament sprain?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes a subluxation of the ankle. 
B)  It has a high incidence among active individuals. 
C)  It is the most common type of sprain. 
D)  It is characterized by complete impairment of weight-bearing ability. 
E)  It provides a negative talar tilt test. 
A)  It causes a subluxation of the ankle. 
B)  It has a high incidence among active individuals. 
C)  It is the most common type of sprain. 
D)  It is characterized by complete impairment of weight-bearing ability. 
E)  It provides a negative talar tilt test.

Question 14

From the following, which one would be considered an inappropriate approach in the prevention of ankle sprains?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stretching of the tibialis anterior muscle 
B)  Strengthening key muscles 
C)  Wearing proper footwear 
D)  Taping when appropriate 
E)  Obtaining proprioceptive training 
A)  Stretching of the tibialis anterior muscle 
B)  Strengthening key muscles 
C)  Wearing proper footwear 
D)  Taping when appropriate 
E)  Obtaining proprioceptive training

Question 15

Which of the following forms a link between the lower leg and the foot?

Accepted Answer

A)  The malleolus 
B)  The tibia 
C)  The talus 
D)  The calcaneus 
E)  The fibula 
A)  The malleolus 
B)  The tibia 
C)  The talus 
D)  The calcaneus 
E)  The fibula

Question 16

In order to prevent injury to the Achilles tendon, it is recommended to stretch with both the knee extended and with it flexed 15-30 degrees. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  The knee needs to be extended and bent to allow the superficial and deep aspect of the Achilles tendon to be stretched. 
B)  The knee needs to be extended and bent to allow the superficial and deep compartments of the lower leg to be stretched. 
C)  The knee needs to be extended and bent to allow both static and dynamic stretching of the involved muscle groups. 
D)  The knee needs to be extended and bent to allow full dorsiflexion at the ankle. 
E)  The knee needs to be extended and bent to allow stretching of both the gastrocnemius and the soleus. 
A)  The knee needs to be extended and bent to allow the superficial and deep aspect of the Achilles tendon to be stretched. 
B)  The knee needs to be extended and bent to allow the superficial and deep compartments of the lower leg to be stretched. 
C)  The knee needs to be extended and bent to allow both static and dynamic stretching of the involved muscle groups. 
D)  The knee needs to be extended and bent to allow full dorsiflexion at the ankle. 
E)  The knee needs to be extended and bent to allow stretching of both the gastrocnemius and the soleus.

Question 17

What is the pain purpose of the pad in this picture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Provide support to the lateral ankle 
B)  Create a focal compression 
C)  Provide stability for a bone fracture 
D)  Prevent syndesmotic ankle sprains 
E)  Provide support to the medial ankle 
A)  Provide support to the lateral ankle 
B)  Create a focal compression 
C)  Provide stability for a bone fracture 
D)  Prevent syndesmotic ankle sprains 
E)  Provide support to the medial ankle

Question 18

Which ligament is the primary resistance to foot eversion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deltoid ligament 
B)  Calcaneofibular ligament 
C)  Lateral collateral ligament 
D)  Syndesmosis 
E)  Anterior tibiofibular ligament 
A)  Deltoid ligament 
B)  Calcaneofibular ligament 
C)  Lateral collateral ligament 
D)  Syndesmosis 
E)  Anterior tibiofibular ligament

Question 19

Please check all of the muscles that invert the foot.

Accepted Answer

A)  Peroneus tertius 
B)  Tibialis anterior 
C)  Soleus 
D)  Tibialis posterior 
E)  Flexor hallicus longus
F) Gastrocnemius
G) Extensor digitorum longus 
A)  Peroneus tertius 
B)  Tibialis anterior 
C)  Soleus 
D)  Tibialis posterior 
E)  Flexor hallicus longus
F) Gastrocnemius
G) Extensor digitorum longus

Question 20

Which of the following is the main function of the fibula?

Accepted Answer

A)  To provide for the attachment of muscles 
B)  To form a link between the lower leg and the foot 
C)  To serve as the principal weight-bearing bone of the leg 
D)  To extend greater joint stability to the medial aspect of the ankle than to the lateral aspect 
E)  To form the heel and attach to the Achilles tendon 
A)  To provide for the attachment of muscles 
B)  To form a link between the lower leg and the foot 
C)  To serve as the principal weight-bearing bone of the leg 
D)  To extend greater joint stability to the medial aspect of the ankle than to the lateral aspect 
E)  To form the heel and attach to the Achilles tendon

Exam 19: The Ankle and Lower Leg

Which of the following statements is true of the special tests to assess injury to the ankle ligaments?

An athlete is suffering from medial tibial stress syndrome, complaining of pain before and after activity, but it does not affect performance. What grade of pain would the patient be assigned?

Which of the following statements is true of posterior tibialis tendinitis?

What are the correct movements that occur at the talocrural joint?

Which of the following refers to the talocrural joint formed by the tibia, fibula, and talus?

Which of the following diagnostic techniques would be the MOST APPROPRIATE for diagnosis of a tibial stress fracture?

In the history section of an ankle assessment, what would be considered an inappropriate question to ask the patient?

What is known as a bimalleolar fracture?

What would be considered a key element to address with patients who have chronic ankle instabilities?

What is the primary function of the calcaneofibular ligament?

What structures help prevent medial or lateral displacement of the talus?

Which of the following statements is true of a syndesmotic sprain?

Which of the following statements is true of a grade 2 ligament sprain?

From the following, which one would be considered an inappropriate approach in the prevention of ankle sprains?

Which of the following forms a link between the lower leg and the foot?

In order to prevent injury to the Achilles tendon, it is recommended to stretch with both the knee extended and with it flexed 15-30 degrees. Why?

What is the pain purpose of the pad in this picture?

Which ligament is the primary resistance to foot eversion?

Please check all of the muscles that invert the foot.

Which of the following is the main function of the fibula?

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