Question 1

Bakody's sign is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  Spurling's test. 
B)  Gaenslen's test. 
C)  the Patrick test. 
D)  the shoulder abduction test. 
E)  the bowstring test. 
A)  Spurling's test. 
B)  Gaenslen's test. 
C)  the Patrick test. 
D)  the shoulder abduction test. 
E)  the bowstring test. D

Question 2

What is the correct numerical order for the three different divisions of the movable vertebrae, respectively - cervical, thoracic, lumbar?

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 12, 4 
B)  4, 10, 5 
C)  6, 11, 6 
D)  7, 12, 5 
E)  8, 12, 4 
A)  2, 12, 4 
B)  4, 10, 5 
C)  6, 11, 6 
D)  7, 12, 5 
E)  8, 12, 4 D

Question 3

Which of the following is caused by hemorrhage or ischemia in the central portion of the cord and results in complete quadriplegia with nonspecific sensory loss in sexual as well as bowel-bladder dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Central cord lesion 
B)  Anterior cord lesion 
C)  Posterior cord lesion 
D)  Brown-sequard lesion 
E)  Central cord syndrome 
A)  Central cord lesion 
B)  Anterior cord lesion 
C)  Posterior cord lesion 
D)  Brown-sequard lesion 
E)  Central cord syndrome E

Question 4

Spondylolisthesis most likely occurs at what vertebral segment?

Accepted Answer

A)  L2-L3 
B)  L3-L4 
C)  L4-L5 
D)  L5-S1 
E)  S1-S2 
A)  L2-L3 
B)  L3-L4 
C)  L4-L5 
D)  L5-S1 
E)  S1-S2

Question 5

Which of the following is an incorrect characteristic of the atlas vertebra?

Accepted Answer

A)  It sits below the axis vertebra. 
B)  It has no body or spinous process. 
C)  Its lateral masses are connected to the anterior and posterior arches. 
D)  Its arches create a large enough opening to allow the medulla of the spinal cord to pass through. 
E)  Its upper surfaces articulate with the occipital condyles. 
A)  It sits below the axis vertebra. 
B)  It has no body or spinous process. 
C)  Its lateral masses are connected to the anterior and posterior arches. 
D)  Its arches create a large enough opening to allow the medulla of the spinal cord to pass through. 
E)  Its upper surfaces articulate with the occipital condyles.

Question 6

What should be ruled out before performing any special tests of the cervical spine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prior injury to the injured body part 
B)  Prior injury to a related body part 
C)  Direct trauma to either the vertebrae or spinal cord 
D)  Radicular pain into the distal extremities 
E)  Missing dermatomal sensations 
A)  Prior injury to the injured body part 
B)  Prior injury to a related body part 
C)  Direct trauma to either the vertebrae or spinal cord 
D)  Radicular pain into the distal extremities 
E)  Missing dermatomal sensations

Question 7

In the context of the treatment for a small protrusion of the nucleus pulposus, how often is traction usually applied to a patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Once a day for a week 
B)  Twice a day for a week 
C)  Daily, five times per week, for two weeks 
D)  Twice a day for two weeks 
E)  Three times a day until pain is relieved 
A)  Once a day for a week 
B)  Twice a day for a week 
C)  Daily, five times per week, for two weeks 
D)  Twice a day for two weeks 
E)  Three times a day until pain is relieved

Question 8

What would differentiate a cervical dislocation from a cervical fracture?

Accepted Answer

A)  A cervical fracture would have a significant amount of pain, while the cervical dislocation would not. 
B)  A cervical dislocation would have a significant amount of pain, while the cervical fracture would not. 
C)  A cervical dislocation would involve the neck to be tilted toward the dislocated side with extreme muscle tightness, while the cervical fracture would not. 
D)  A cervical fracture would involve the neck to be tilted toward the dislocated side with extreme muscle tightness, while the cervical dislocation would not. 
E)  Numbness would occur in a cervical fracture, whereas it would not occur in a cervical dislocation. 
A)  A cervical fracture would have a significant amount of pain, while the cervical dislocation would not. 
B)  A cervical dislocation would have a significant amount of pain, while the cervical fracture would not. 
C)  A cervical dislocation would involve the neck to be tilted toward the dislocated side with extreme muscle tightness, while the cervical fracture would not. 
D)  A cervical fracture would involve the neck to be tilted toward the dislocated side with extreme muscle tightness, while the cervical dislocation would not. 
E)  Numbness would occur in a cervical fracture, whereas it would not occur in a cervical dislocation.

Question 9

Which of the following factors should be considered in a rehabilitation program for patients suffering from low back pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their workplace environment 
B)  Their eating habits 
C)  Any previous thoracic injury that they may have sustained 
D)  Any previous cervical injury that they may have sustained 
E)  Any previous sacral injury that they may have sustained 
A)  Their workplace environment 
B)  Their eating habits 
C)  Any previous thoracic injury that they may have sustained 
D)  Any previous cervical injury that they may have sustained 
E)  Any previous sacral injury that they may have sustained

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of back pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adolescents have a 70%-80% incidence of back pain before the age of 20 years. 
B)  People aged between 20 and 30 years are more prone to developing chronic low back pain than others. 
C)  Males are more likely to suffer from low back pain than females. 
D)  Recurrent low back pain is caused exclusively by nerve root compression. 
E)  Recurrent low back pain is rare, following an episode of low back pain. 
A)  Adolescents have a 70%-80% incidence of back pain before the age of 20 years. 
B)  People aged between 20 and 30 years are more prone to developing chronic low back pain than others. 
C)  Males are more likely to suffer from low back pain than females. 
D)  Recurrent low back pain is caused exclusively by nerve root compression. 
E)  Recurrent low back pain is rare, following an episode of low back pain.

Question 11

In the observation section of the assessment of the spine, which of the following is considered an appropriate action to perform?

Accepted Answer

A)  The entire body should be observed only from the lateral angle. 
B)  Special attention should be paid to the low back, pelvis, and hips. 
C)  Use of a posture screen should be avoided. 
D)  Special devices should be used even by trained observers with good background in postural observation. 
E)  All postural asymmetries should be considered. 
A)  The entire body should be observed only from the lateral angle. 
B)  Special attention should be paid to the low back, pelvis, and hips. 
C)  Use of a posture screen should be avoided. 
D)  Special devices should be used even by trained observers with good background in postural observation. 
E)  All postural asymmetries should be considered.

Question 12

Which of the following would be an inappropriate body structure to palpate during the palpation section of the spine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Space between the lumbar spinous processes 
B)  Facet joints 
C)  Abdominal musculature 
D)  Sacrum 
E)  Anterior superior iliac spines 
A)  Space between the lumbar spinous processes 
B)  Facet joints 
C)  Abdominal musculature 
D)  Sacrum 
E)  Anterior superior iliac spines

Question 13

In the context of cervical disk injuries, which of the following actions is most likely to facilitate a stable, safe, and pain-free cervical posture during strenuous activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asking the patient to perform isotonic exercises 
B)  Administering cryotherapy 
C)  Asking the patient to perform range of motion (ROM) exercises 
D)  Asking the patient to perform isometric exercises 
E)  Instructing the patient on the importance of maintaining a neutral spine 
A)  Asking the patient to perform isotonic exercises 
B)  Administering cryotherapy 
C)  Asking the patient to perform range of motion (ROM) exercises 
D)  Asking the patient to perform isometric exercises 
E)  Instructing the patient on the importance of maintaining a neutral spine

Question 14

Please check all of the following that can cause back anomalies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Excessive length of the transverse process of the first lumbar vertebrae 
B)  Incomplete closure of the neural arch 
C)  Nonconformities of the transverse arch 
D)  Atypical lumbosacral angles 
E)  Complete closures of the vertebral laminae 
A)  Excessive length of the transverse process of the first lumbar vertebrae 
B)  Incomplete closure of the neural arch 
C)  Nonconformities of the transverse arch 
D)  Atypical lumbosacral angles 
E)  Complete closures of the vertebral laminae

Question 15

In the following image, what are the anatomical malalignments of the spine and other involved structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kyphotic position that causes compensatory position of the head and neck 
B)  An abnormal curvature in one direction and a compensatory secondary curve in the opposite direction 
C)  Increase in both the anterior tilt of the pelvis and in hip flexion 
D)  Posterior shift of the thoracic segment and anterior shifting of the entire pelvis 
E)  Increased thoracic curve and protracted scapulae producing a rounded shoulder appearance 
A)  Kyphotic position that causes compensatory position of the head and neck 
B)  An abnormal curvature in one direction and a compensatory secondary curve in the opposite direction 
C)  Increase in both the anterior tilt of the pelvis and in hip flexion 
D)  Posterior shift of the thoracic segment and anterior shifting of the entire pelvis 
E)  Increased thoracic curve and protracted scapulae producing a rounded shoulder appearance

Question 16

An abdominal brace or "drawing in" maneuver similar to a posterior tilt of the pelvis, which flattens the lumbar curve, is caused by a simultaneous co-contraction of the transversus abdominus and muscles.

Accepted Answer

A)  Longissimus 
B)  Spinalis 
C)  Cervicis 
D)  Multifidus 
E)  Iliocostalis 
A)  Longissimus 
B)  Spinalis 
C)  Cervicis 
D)  Multifidus 
E)  Iliocostalis

Question 17

Please check all of the special tests demonstrated in the figures that can be performed to check for a herniated disc in a patient.

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    F)   G) 
   
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    F)   G)

Question 18

If a person has pain that increases after activity and is hesitant to perform forward bending, what could be wrong?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spondylolysis 
B)  Spondylolisthesis 
C)  Herniated disc 
D)  Either spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis 
E)  Spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, or a herniated disc 
A)  Spondylolysis 
B)  Spondylolisthesis 
C)  Herniated disc 
D)  Either spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis 
E)  Spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, or a herniated disc

Question 19

Which of the following structures, formed by the ilia meeting anteriorly, has an interarticular disk with a synovium and is lubricated by synovial fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  The iliopsoas 
B)  The annulus fibrosus 
C)  The coccyx 
D)  The pubis symphysis 
E)  The nucleus pulposus 
A)  The iliopsoas 
B)  The annulus fibrosus 
C)  The coccyx 
D)  The pubis symphysis 
E)  The nucleus pulposus

Question 20

An athlete who has previously suffered from brachial plexus neuropraxia and wishes to return to full activity must definitely have a negative

Accepted Answer

A)  Spurling's test. 
B)  Patrick test. 
C)  Gillet test. 
D)  Slump test. 
E)  Bowstring test. 
A)  Spurling's test. 
B)  Patrick test. 
C)  Gillet test. 
D)  Slump test. 
E)  Bowstring test.

Exam 25: The Spine

Bakody's sign is associated with:

What is the correct numerical order for the three different divisions of the movable vertebrae, respectively - cervical, thoracic, lumbar?

Which of the following is caused by hemorrhage or ischemia in the central portion of the cord and results in complete quadriplegia with nonspecific sensory loss in sexual as well as bowel-bladder dysfunction?

Spondylolisthesis most likely occurs at what vertebral segment?

Which of the following is an incorrect characteristic of the atlas vertebra?

What should be ruled out before performing any special tests of the cervical spine?

In the context of the treatment for a small protrusion of the nucleus pulposus, how often is traction usually applied to a patient?

What would differentiate a cervical dislocation from a cervical fracture?

Which of the following factors should be considered in a rehabilitation program for patients suffering from low back pain?

Which of the following statements is true of back pain?

In the observation section of the assessment of the spine, which of the following is considered an appropriate action to perform?

Which of the following would be an inappropriate body structure to palpate during the palpation section of the spine?

In the context of cervical disk injuries, which of the following actions is most likely to facilitate a stable, safe, and pain-free cervical posture during strenuous activity?

Please check all of the following that can cause back anomalies.

In the following image, what are the anatomical malalignments of the spine and other involved structures?

An abdominal brace or "drawing in" maneuver similar to a posterior tilt of the pelvis, which flattens the lumbar curve, is caused by a simultaneous co-contraction of the transversus abdominus and muscles.

Please check all of the special tests demonstrated in the figures that can be performed to check for a herniated disc in a patient.

If a person has pain that increases after activity and is hesitant to perform forward bending, what could be wrong?

Which of the following structures, formed by the ilia meeting anteriorly, has an interarticular disk with a synovium and is lubricated by synovial fluid?

An athlete who has previously suffered from brachial plexus neuropraxia and wishes to return to full activity must definitely have a negative

The Athletic Trainer As a Health Care Provider

Health Care Organization and Administration in Athletic Training

Legal Concerns and Insurance Issues

Fitness and Conditioning Techniques

Nutrition and Supplements

Environmental Considerations

Protective Equipment

Wrapping and Taping

Mechanisms and Characteristics of Musculoskeletal and Nerve Trauma

Tissue Response to Injury

Psychosocial Intervention for Sports Injuries and Illnesses

On-The-Field Acute Care and Emergency Procedures

Off-The-Field Injury Evaluation

Infectious Diseases, Bloodborne Pathogens, and Universal Precautions

Using Therapeutic Modalities

Using Therapeutic Exercise in Rehabilitation

Pharmacology, Drugs, and Sports

The Foot

The Ankle and Lower Leg

The Knee and Related Structures

The Thigh, Hip, Groin, and Pelvis

The Shoulder Complex

The Elbow

The Forearm, Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

The Head, Face, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat

The Thorax and Abdomen

Skin Disorders

Additional General Medical Conditions

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