Question 1

The only source of noninduced totipotent human stem cells is the inner mass of the blastocyst, a structure that forms within a week of fertilization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The number of stem cells appears to gradually decline with age; if so, how might this decline be explained?

Accepted Answer

A) To maintain a stable number of stem cells, one daughter cell of each division would need to revert back to a stem cell; the rate of reversion must decline with age. 
B) Lacking specialization, stem cells must become more susceptible to disease processes than normal cells; eventually this susceptibility reduces their number. 
C) As they age, stem cells evidently lose their vitality, quit dividing, and die of old age without leaving any additional daughter cells. 
D) Continuous division with progressively shortened telomeres eventually produces a stem cell with critically missing DNA and a loss of an ability to further divide. 
A) To maintain a stable number of stem cells, one daughter cell of each division would need to revert back to a stem cell; the rate of reversion must decline with age. 
B) Lacking specialization, stem cells must become more susceptible to disease processes than normal cells; eventually this susceptibility reduces their number. 
C) As they age, stem cells evidently lose their vitality, quit dividing, and die of old age without leaving any additional daughter cells. 
D) Continuous division with progressively shortened telomeres eventually produces a stem cell with critically missing DNA and a loss of an ability to further divide.

Question 3

Which statement best summarizes the capabilities of mammalian pluripotent stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Pluripotent cells can produce all cell types found in the body of an adult. 
B) Pluripotent cells can produce all cell types found in the body of an organism, including the protective membranes that surround the embryo. 
C) Pluripotent cells can produce all cell types found in the organ of their origin. 
D) Pluripotent cells can produce all somatic cell types found in the body of an adult, but not germ cells. 
A) Pluripotent cells can produce all cell types found in the body of an adult. 
B) Pluripotent cells can produce all cell types found in the body of an organism, including the protective membranes that surround the embryo. 
C) Pluripotent cells can produce all cell types found in the organ of their origin. 
D) Pluripotent cells can produce all somatic cell types found in the body of an adult, but not germ cells.

Question 4

Mutations cause changes in ____________________ produced by a gene.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mutations cause changes in ____________________ produced by...

Question 5

What statement(s)best describes the status of viral delivery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)?

Accepted Answer

A) Testing in human subjects has yet to occur and is not imminent. 
B) Cell cultures using human skin cells have been successfully developed. 
C) Mammalian animal models have experienced mixed success and treated mice appear more susceptible to developing cancer than mice treated with embryonic stem cells. 
D) all of the above 
A) Testing in human subjects has yet to occur and is not imminent. 
B) Cell cultures using human skin cells have been successfully developed. 
C) Mammalian animal models have experienced mixed success and treated mice appear more susceptible to developing cancer than mice treated with embryonic stem cells. 
D) all of the above

Question 6

The cells in many large polyps in the human colon usually contain

Accepted Answer

A) normal tumor suppressor genes and at least one oncogene. 
B) one inactive and one active copy of a tumor suppressor gene and normal proto-oncogenes. 
C) two inactive copies of a tumor suppressor gene and two proto-oncogenes. 
D) two inactive copies of a tumor suppressor gene and one oncogene. 
A) normal tumor suppressor genes and at least one oncogene. 
B) one inactive and one active copy of a tumor suppressor gene and normal proto-oncogenes. 
C) two inactive copies of a tumor suppressor gene and two proto-oncogenes. 
D) two inactive copies of a tumor suppressor gene and one oncogene.

Question 7

All the cells of the human body have the same genes, but because genes can be selectively ____________________, a variety of different cell types can form.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All the cells of the human body...

Question 8

The mutation of p53 generally results in the formation of a malignant tumor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The induction of pluripotent stem cells requires that specific genes be inserted or activated by the introduction of key proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is not likely to cause a cell to become cancerous?

Accepted Answer

A) mutation 
B) meiosis 
C) chemical pollutants 
D) cigarette smoke 
A) mutation 
B) meiosis 
C) chemical pollutants 
D) cigarette smoke

Question 11

The use of embryonic stem cells has generated great controversy in the United States because

Accepted Answer

A) embryonic stem cell products have a limited availability and seem to be more commonly distributed to those who can better afford to pay the high costs. 
B) the treatments are considered experimental and are routinely rejected by insurance carriers. 
C) such cells can only be harvested from human embryos, which many citizens believe have moral status and a unique life potential. 
D) the U.S. government has enacted and maintains severe prohibitions regarding any research with these tissues. 
A) embryonic stem cell products have a limited availability and seem to be more commonly distributed to those who can better afford to pay the high costs. 
B) the treatments are considered experimental and are routinely rejected by insurance carriers. 
C) such cells can only be harvested from human embryos, which many citizens believe have moral status and a unique life potential. 
D) the U.S. government has enacted and maintains severe prohibitions regarding any research with these tissues.

Question 12

Malignant cancers often require that a single cell experience as many as four mutations; does a single mutation predispose a cell to a second or third?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, particularly if the first mutation depresses a DNA-correcting mechanism allowing subsequent injuries to remain uncorrected. 
B) No, each cell is uniformly at risk for mutation; if a cell has four mutations, it likely that its neighbors have two or three. 
C) Yes, initial mutations often lead to the construction of carcinogen receptors that pull harmful chemicals into the cell and accelerate the mutation process. 
D) No, mutation is an entirely random process; carcinogens have no way of locating a previously damaged cell. 
A) Yes, particularly if the first mutation depresses a DNA-correcting mechanism allowing subsequent injuries to remain uncorrected. 
B) No, each cell is uniformly at risk for mutation; if a cell has four mutations, it likely that its neighbors have two or three. 
C) Yes, initial mutations often lead to the construction of carcinogen receptors that pull harmful chemicals into the cell and accelerate the mutation process. 
D) No, mutation is an entirely random process; carcinogens have no way of locating a previously damaged cell.

Question 13

A harmless proliferation of cells in a human colon would be called a(n)____________________ polyp.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A harmless proliferation of cells in a...

Exam 11: Stem Cells, Cancer, and Human Health

The only source of noninduced totipotent human stem cells is the inner mass of the blastocyst, a structure that forms within a week of fertilization.

The number of stem cells appears to gradually decline with age; if so, how might this decline be explained?

Which statement best summarizes the capabilities of mammalian pluripotent stem cells?

Mutations cause changes in ____________________ produced by a gene.

What statement(s)best describes the status of viral delivery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)?

The cells in many large polyps in the human colon usually contain

All the cells of the human body have the same genes, but because genes can be selectively ____________________, a variety of different cell types can form.

The mutation of p53 generally results in the formation of a malignant tumor.

The induction of pluripotent stem cells requires that specific genes be inserted or activated by the introduction of key proteins.

Which of the following is not likely to cause a cell to become cancerous?

The use of embryonic stem cells has generated great controversy in the United States because

Malignant cancers often require that a single cell experience as many as four mutations; does a single mutation predispose a cell to a second or third?

A harmless proliferation of cells in a human colon would be called a(n)____________________ polyp.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

Dna and Genes

From Gene to Protein

Dna Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Speciation and the Origins of Biological Diversity

The Evolutionary History of Life

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses Against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

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