Exam 11: Stem Cells, Cancer, and Human Health

Under normal conditions, growth factors activate ____________________ and inactivate ____________________ genes.

Cell differentiation can be experimentally studied in the lab using a procedure known as ____________________ that allows a single variable to be manipulated.

Grilling meat appears to be associated with an avoidable exposure to carcinogens that form when

The p53 protein is critical to the regulation of the cell cycle because it

Cancer cells cause tumors in other parts of the body by traveling through the ____________________.

Substantial evidence suggests that differentiation signals influence the developmental pathway taken by stem cell daughter cells. From what sources might these signals arise?

If exposure to sunlight causes a mutation in a single proto-oncogene in a diploid cell so that it becomes hyperactive,

Which of the following is not true of cancer?

A tumor suppressor is a(n)

Regenerative medicine and stem cell therapy promise a possible cure for ____________________ disease, a devastating neurological disorder marked by uncontrollable body movements.

Even today relatively few human cells can be grown successfully in culture; the process began in the 1950s with the discovery of HeLa cells.

While HPV infection in women can lead to life-threatening cancer, in males infection typically results in ____________________.

All viruses cause cancer.

In the 1980s, biologists successfully transplanted the nucleus from a mammary gland cell of an adult sheep into an unfertilized egg of a second sheep, which after implantation in the uterus of a third sheep grew to become a fully complete baby lamb. What term best describes the growth potential of that nucleus?

When a mutant receptor protein no longer requires a growth factor to activate it, the result is

A virus can insert its genes into the DNA of the host cell, thus ensuring that all daughter cells receive a copy of the viral genes.

Which of the following kinds of molecules are the least likely to be produced by a proto-oncogene?

Examine the graph below. This graph shows that the

Unipotent stem cells can generate all the cells of the organ of their origin.

A protein is identified that starts a signal cascade leading to the activation of a gene that promotes cell division. This protein is coded for by a