Malignant Cancers Often Require That a Single Cell Experience as Many

Malignant cancers often require that a single cell experience as many as four mutations; does a single mutation predispose a cell to a second or third?

A) Yes, particularly if the first mutation depresses a DNA-correcting mechanism allowing subsequent injuries to remain uncorrected.
B) No, each cell is uniformly at risk for mutation; if a cell has four mutations, it likely that its neighbors have two or three.
C) Yes, initial mutations often lead to the construction of carcinogen receptors that pull harmful chemicals into the cell and accelerate the mutation process.
D) No, mutation is an entirely random process; carcinogens have no way of locating a previously damaged cell.

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