Question 1

What is the principal zeitgeber for land animals?​

Accepted Answer

A) light 
B) ​the tides 
C) ​temperature 
D) barometric pressure 
A) light 
B) ​the tides 
C) ​temperature 
D) barometric pressure

Question 2

The dominant zeitgeber for land animals is light.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The mean preferred time of going to sleep gets later and later until about age 20 and then starts a gradual reversal.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Research found that during REM sleep,activity ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) decreased in the pons, while it increased in the limbic system 
B) ​increased in the pons, while it decreased in the limbic system 
C) ​decreased in both the pons and the limbic system 
D) increased in both the pons and the limbic system 
A) decreased in the pons, while it increased in the limbic system 
B) ​increased in the pons, while it decreased in the limbic system 
C) ​decreased in both the pons and the limbic system 
D) increased in both the pons and the limbic system

Question 5

Compared to the earlier part,the later part of a night's sleep ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) includes a larger percentage of REM sleep 
B) ​includes a lower percentage of REM sleep 
C) ​is characterized by declining body temperature 
D) has more slow wave sleep 
A) includes a larger percentage of REM sleep 
B) ​includes a lower percentage of REM sleep 
C) ​is characterized by declining body temperature 
D) has more slow wave sleep

Question 6

Biological clocks are very resistant to environmental influences.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Some drugs used to treat allergies may produce drowsiness if they ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) block histamine 
B) ​stimulate acetylcholine 
C) ​decrease adenosine 
D) block GABA 
A) block histamine 
B) ​stimulate acetylcholine 
C) ​decrease adenosine 
D) block GABA

Question 8

For a normal person,about how long does a cycle of sleep (from stage 1 to stage 4 and back again)last?​

Accepted Answer

A) 10 minutes 
B) ​90 minutes 
C) ​4 hours 
D) 7 hours 
A) 10 minutes 
B) ​90 minutes 
C) ​4 hours 
D) 7 hours

Question 9

Which of these is characteristic of sleep apnea?​

Accepted Answer

A) involuntary movements of the arms and legs during sleep 
B) ​periods without breathing during sleeping 
C) ​tendency to fall asleep suddenly during the day 
D) sleep walking and sleep terrors 
A) involuntary movements of the arms and legs during sleep 
B) ​periods without breathing during sleeping 
C) ​tendency to fall asleep suddenly during the day 
D) sleep walking and sleep terrors

Question 10

A human's body temperature over the course of 24 hours is usually highest ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) about the time of awakening 
B) ​mid-morning 
C) ​mid to late afternoon 
D) in the middle of the night 
A) about the time of awakening 
B) ​mid-morning 
C) ​mid to late afternoon 
D) in the middle of the night

Question 11

During sleep,what happens in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) cessation of spontaneous activity in neurons 
B) ​increased firing by dopamine neurons 
C) ​decreased firing by dopamine neurons 
D) increased firing by GABA neurons 
A) cessation of spontaneous activity in neurons 
B) ​increased firing by dopamine neurons 
C) ​decreased firing by dopamine neurons 
D) increased firing by GABA neurons

Question 12

Which of the following would most likely help someone adjust to jet lag?​

Accepted Answer

A) taking a nap during the day 
B) ​taking melatonin when you need to wake up 
C) ​keeping the room light when you need to stay awake 
D) darkening the room when you need to stay awake 
A) taking a nap during the day 
B) ​taking melatonin when you need to wake up 
C) ​keeping the room light when you need to stay awake 
D) darkening the room when you need to stay awake

Question 13

Slow-wave sleep is comprised of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) alpha wave sleep 
B) ​stages 1 and 2 
C) ​stages 3 and 4 
D) REM sleep 
A) alpha wave sleep 
B) ​stages 1 and 2 
C) ​stages 3 and 4 
D) REM sleep

Question 14

The SCN produces circadian rhythms by altering ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) blood pressure 
B) ​production of proteins 
C) ​action potential velocity 
D) axon myelination 
A) blood pressure 
B) ​production of proteins 
C) ​action potential velocity 
D) axon myelination

Question 15

With regard to sleep and arousal,the locus coeruleus is ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) very active during sleep 
B) ​active when the pontomesencephalon is not 
C) ​almost completely inactive during sleep 
D) instrumental in waking us up 
A) very active during sleep 
B) ​active when the pontomesencephalon is not 
C) ​almost completely inactive during sleep 
D) instrumental in waking us up

Question 16

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis,it should be possible to predict (with better than chance accuracy)the content of a person's dreams if we know what information about the person?​

Accepted Answer

A) concentration of serotonin and acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex 
B) ​number and type of emotional experiences during the day 
C) ​stimuli currently acting on the body and areas of spontaneous brain activity 
D) time the person went to sleep and the current time 
A) concentration of serotonin and acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex 
B) ​number and type of emotional experiences during the day 
C) ​stimuli currently acting on the body and areas of spontaneous brain activity 
D) time the person went to sleep and the current time

Question 17

Young adults deprived of a night's sleep show deficits on ____ tasks.​

Accepted Answer

A) verbal 
B) ​sensory 
C) ​memory 
D) motor 
A) verbal 
B) ​sensory 
C) ​memory 
D) motor

Question 18

During ____,cells in the pons send messages that inhibit the motor neurons that control the body's large muscles.​

Accepted Answer

A) wakefulness 
B) ​REM sleep 
C) ​NREM sleep 
D) transitions from wakefulness to sleep or sleep to wakefulness 
A) wakefulness 
B) ​REM sleep 
C) ​NREM sleep 
D) transitions from wakefulness to sleep or sleep to wakefulness

Question 19

The PER and TIM proteins accumulate during the day until they cause sleepiness.What prevents them from continuing to accumulate at night?​

Accepted Answer

A) Metabolic rates increase at night, so proteins are digested faster than they can be synthesized. 
B) ​The high levels of melatonin present at night react with the proteins to disable them. 
C) ​The proteins are unstable at the lower body temperatures that are typical at night. 
D) When the proteins reach a high level, they turn off the genes that produce them. 
A) Metabolic rates increase at night, so proteins are digested faster than they can be synthesized. 
B) ​The high levels of melatonin present at night react with the proteins to disable them. 
C) ​The proteins are unstable at the lower body temperatures that are typical at night. 
D) When the proteins reach a high level, they turn off the genes that produce them.

Question 20

The ____ is a structure that extends from the medulla into the forebrain.​

Accepted Answer

A) reticular formation 
B) ​tectum 
C) ​tegmentum 
D) thalamus 
A) reticular formation 
B) ​tectum 
C) ​tegmentum 
D) thalamus

What is the principal zeitgeber for land animals?

The dominant zeitgeber for land animals is light.

The mean preferred time of going to sleep gets later and later until about age 20 and then starts a gradual reversal.

Research found that during REM sleep,activity ____.

Compared to the earlier part,the later part of a night's sleep ____.

Biological clocks are very resistant to environmental influences.

Some drugs used to treat allergies may produce drowsiness if they ____.

For a normal person,about how long does a cycle of sleep (from stage 1 to stage 4 and back again)last?

Which of these is characteristic of sleep apnea?

A human's body temperature over the course of 24 hours is usually highest ____.

During sleep,what happens in the brain?

Which of the following would most likely help someone adjust to jet lag?

Slow-wave sleep is comprised of ____.

The SCN produces circadian rhythms by altering ____.

With regard to sleep and arousal,the locus coeruleus is ____.

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis,it should be possible to predict (with better than chance accuracy)the content of a person's dreams if we know what information about the person?

Young adults deprived of a night's sleep show deficits on ____ tasks.

During ____,cells in the pons send messages that inhibit the motor neurons that control the body's large muscles.

The PER and TIM proteins accumulate during the day until they cause sleepiness.What prevents them from continuing to accumulate at night?

The ____ is a structure that extends from the medulla into the forebrain.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Exam 8: Wakefulness and Sleep

What is the principal zeitgeber for land animals?​

The dominant zeitgeber for land animals is light.​

The mean preferred time of going to sleep gets later and later until about age 20 and then starts a gradual reversal.​

Research found that during REM sleep,activity ____.​

Compared to the earlier part,the later part of a night's sleep ____.​

Biological clocks are very resistant to environmental influences.​

Some drugs used to treat allergies may produce drowsiness if they ____.​

For a normal person,about how long does a cycle of sleep (from stage 1 to stage 4 and back again)last?​

Which of these is characteristic of sleep apnea?​

A human's body temperature over the course of 24 hours is usually highest ____.​

During sleep,what happens in the brain?

Which of the following would most likely help someone adjust to jet lag?​

Slow-wave sleep is comprised of ____.

The SCN produces circadian rhythms by altering ____.​

With regard to sleep and arousal,the locus coeruleus is ____.​

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis,it should be possible to predict (with better than chance accuracy)the content of a person's dreams if we know what information about the person?​

Young adults deprived of a night's sleep show deficits on ____ tasks.​

During ____,cells in the pons send messages that inhibit the motor neurons that control the body's large muscles.​

The PER and TIM proteins accumulate during the day until they cause sleepiness.What prevents them from continuing to accumulate at night?​

The ____ is a structure that extends from the medulla into the forebrain.​

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

What is the principal zeitgeber for land animals?

The dominant zeitgeber for land animals is light.

The mean preferred time of going to sleep gets later and later until about age 20 and then starts a gradual reversal.

Research found that during REM sleep,activity ____.

Compared to the earlier part,the later part of a night's sleep ____.

Biological clocks are very resistant to environmental influences.

Some drugs used to treat allergies may produce drowsiness if they ____.

For a normal person,about how long does a cycle of sleep (from stage 1 to stage 4 and back again)last?

Which of these is characteristic of sleep apnea?

A human's body temperature over the course of 24 hours is usually highest ____.

Which of the following would most likely help someone adjust to jet lag?

The SCN produces circadian rhythms by altering ____.

With regard to sleep and arousal,the locus coeruleus is ____.

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis,it should be possible to predict (with better than chance accuracy)the content of a person's dreams if we know what information about the person?

Young adults deprived of a night's sleep show deficits on ____ tasks.

During ____,cells in the pons send messages that inhibit the motor neurons that control the body's large muscles.

The PER and TIM proteins accumulate during the day until they cause sleepiness.What prevents them from continuing to accumulate at night?

The ____ is a structure that extends from the medulla into the forebrain.