Question 1

A decrease in the amount of sleep most likely to affect the performance of migratory bird during ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) migration season 
B) ​NREM sleep. 
C) ​the daytime 
D) seasons other than migration 
A) migration season 
B) ​NREM sleep. 
C) ​the daytime 
D) seasons other than migration

Question 2

Among adult humans,those who sleep ____ or more hours per night have the highest percentage of REM sleep.​

Accepted Answer

A) 9 
B) ​5 
C) ​8 
D) 10 
A) 9 
B) ​5 
C) ​8 
D) 10

Question 3

The input from the eyes to the suprachiasmatic nucleus,responsible for shifting the phase of the circadian rhythm,originates from ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) cones only 
B) ​ganglion cells that are not connected to any cones or rods 
C) ​cones and rods equally 
D) rods only 
A) cones only 
B) ​ganglion cells that are not connected to any cones or rods 
C) ​cones and rods equally 
D) rods only

Question 4

A person's circadian activity cycle would most likely drift out of phase with the activity of other people if the person ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) spends a period of time in the wilderness, away from clocks 
B) ​habitually eats a big meal just before bedtime 
C) ​spends a period of time in seclusion, away from sunlight 
D) lives near the equator, where the seasons do not vary 
A) spends a period of time in the wilderness, away from clocks 
B) ​habitually eats a big meal just before bedtime 
C) ​spends a period of time in seclusion, away from sunlight 
D) lives near the equator, where the seasons do not vary

Question 5

Temporary sleep deprivation causes the body to respond in a similar manner as it does to being ill.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

EEG waves are larger when brain activity decreases because ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) the EEG measures muscle tension, which also decreases 
B) ​neurons are becoming more synchronized 
C) ​neurons are becoming more desynchronized 
D) blood flow is increasing 
A) the EEG measures muscle tension, which also decreases 
B) ​neurons are becoming more synchronized 
C) ​neurons are becoming more desynchronized 
D) blood flow is increasing

Question 7

A polysomnograph displays ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) action potentials of individual neurons 
B) ​a combination of EEG and eye-movement records 
C) ​the rate of glucose uptake in active regions of the brain 
D) the electrical resistance of the scalp 
A) action potentials of individual neurons 
B) ​a combination of EEG and eye-movement records 
C) ​the rate of glucose uptake in active regions of the brain 
D) the electrical resistance of the scalp

Question 8

What does "endogenous" mean?​

Accepted Answer

A) occurring at regular intervals 
B) ​more likely to be learned 
C) ​sensitive to light/dark patterns 
D) generated from within 
A) occurring at regular intervals 
B) ​more likely to be learned 
C) ​sensitive to light/dark patterns 
D) generated from within

Question 9

What is paradoxical about paradoxical sleep?​

Accepted Answer

A) It serves restorative functions, and yet the body has no apparent need for it. 
B) ​it is light sleep in some ways and deep sleep in other ways 
C) ​It depends on serotonin for its onset and acetylcholine for its offset. 
D) It is associated with dreaming although brain activity is low. 
A) It serves restorative functions, and yet the body has no apparent need for it. 
B) ​it is light sleep in some ways and deep sleep in other ways 
C) ​It depends on serotonin for its onset and acetylcholine for its offset. 
D) It is associated with dreaming although brain activity is low.

Question 10

Alternation between wakefulness and sleep depends completely on stimuli in the environment.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Orexin is not necessary for waking up,but it is for staying awake.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

It appears from research with cats that one function of the messages from the pons to the spinal cord is to prevent us from ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) dreaming 
B) ​sleeping too soundly 
C) ​acting out our dreams 
D) having difficulty falling asleep 
A) dreaming 
B) ​sleeping too soundly 
C) ​acting out our dreams 
D) having difficulty falling asleep

Question 13

Repeated involuntary movements of the arms and legs that may prevent a person from falling asleep are known as ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) REM behavior disorder 
B) ​night terrors 
C) ​periodic limb movement disorder 
D) restless legs syndrome 
A) REM behavior disorder 
B) ​night terrors 
C) ​periodic limb movement disorder 
D) restless legs syndrome

Question 14

After damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus,the body ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) cannot generate biological rhythms 
B) ​still has rhythms in synchrony with environmental patterns of light and dark 
C) ​still has rhythms, but they are less consistent 
D) still has rhythms, but they can only be reset by artificial light 
A) cannot generate biological rhythms 
B) ​still has rhythms in synchrony with environmental patterns of light and dark 
C) ​still has rhythms, but they are less consistent 
D) still has rhythms, but they can only be reset by artificial light

Question 15

Based on research,it has been determined that the human circadian rhythm appears to be ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) shorter than 24 hours 
B) ​exactly 24 hours 
C) ​just over 24 hours 
D) closer to 28 hours 
A) shorter than 24 hours 
B) ​exactly 24 hours 
C) ​just over 24 hours 
D) closer to 28 hours

Question 16

​A disruption of circadian rhythms due to crossing time zones is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) circashift 
B) ​phaselag 
C) ​jetlag 
D) zeitgeber 
A) circashift 
B) ​phaselag 
C) ​jetlag 
D) zeitgeber

Question 17

After a cut through the midbrain separates the forebrain and part of the midbrain from all the lower structures,an animal ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) stops sleeping 
B) ​sleeps a normal amount per day, but lacks REM sleep 
C) ​enters a prolonged state of sleep 
D) alternates rapidly between sleep and wakefulness 
A) stops sleeping 
B) ​sleeps a normal amount per day, but lacks REM sleep 
C) ​enters a prolonged state of sleep 
D) alternates rapidly between sleep and wakefulness

Question 18

Blind and deaf animals do not have circadian rhythms.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Research on circadian rhythms has shown that one of the best ways to increase the alertness and efficiency of workers on night shifts is to ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) expose them to bright lights while they work 
B) ​keep the environmental temperature constant from night to day 
C) ​have them eat a big meal before going to sleep 
D) allow them to catnap 
A) expose them to bright lights while they work 
B) ​keep the environmental temperature constant from night to day 
C) ​have them eat a big meal before going to sleep 
D) allow them to catnap

Question 20

One part of the reticular formation that contributes to cortical arousal is known as the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) tectomesencephalon 
B) ​pontomesencephalon 
C) ​corticomesencephalon 
D) rubromesencephalon 
A) tectomesencephalon 
B) ​pontomesencephalon 
C) ​corticomesencephalon 
D) rubromesencephalon

A decrease in the amount of sleep most likely to affect the performance of migratory bird during ____.

Among adult humans,those who sleep ____ or more hours per night have the highest percentage of REM sleep.

The input from the eyes to the suprachiasmatic nucleus,responsible for shifting the phase of the circadian rhythm,originates from ____.

A person's circadian activity cycle would most likely drift out of phase with the activity of other people if the person ____.

Temporary sleep deprivation causes the body to respond in a similar manner as it does to being ill.

EEG waves are larger when brain activity decreases because ____.

A polysomnograph displays ____.

What does "endogenous" mean?

What is paradoxical about paradoxical sleep?

Alternation between wakefulness and sleep depends completely on stimuli in the environment.

Orexin is not necessary for waking up,but it is for staying awake.

It appears from research with cats that one function of the messages from the pons to the spinal cord is to prevent us from ____.

Repeated involuntary movements of the arms and legs that may prevent a person from falling asleep are known as ____.

After damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus,the body ____.

Based on research,it has been determined that the human circadian rhythm appears to be ____.

A disruption of circadian rhythms due to crossing time zones is known as ____.

After a cut through the midbrain separates the forebrain and part of the midbrain from all the lower structures,an animal ____.

Blind and deaf animals do not have circadian rhythms.

Research on circadian rhythms has shown that one of the best ways to increase the alertness and efficiency of workers on night shifts is to ____.

One part of the reticular formation that contributes to cortical arousal is known as the ____.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Exam 8: Wakefulness and Sleep

A decrease in the amount of sleep most likely to affect the performance of migratory bird during ____.​

Among adult humans,those who sleep ____ or more hours per night have the highest percentage of REM sleep.​

The input from the eyes to the suprachiasmatic nucleus,responsible for shifting the phase of the circadian rhythm,originates from ____.​

A person's circadian activity cycle would most likely drift out of phase with the activity of other people if the person ____.​

Temporary sleep deprivation causes the body to respond in a similar manner as it does to being ill.​

EEG waves are larger when brain activity decreases because ____.​

A polysomnograph displays ____.​

What does "endogenous" mean?​

What is paradoxical about paradoxical sleep?​

Alternation between wakefulness and sleep depends completely on stimuli in the environment.​

Orexin is not necessary for waking up,but it is for staying awake.​

It appears from research with cats that one function of the messages from the pons to the spinal cord is to prevent us from ____.​

Repeated involuntary movements of the arms and legs that may prevent a person from falling asleep are known as ____.​

After damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus,the body ____.​

Based on research,it has been determined that the human circadian rhythm appears to be ____.​

​A disruption of circadian rhythms due to crossing time zones is known as ____.

After a cut through the midbrain separates the forebrain and part of the midbrain from all the lower structures,an animal ____.​

Blind and deaf animals do not have circadian rhythms.​

Research on circadian rhythms has shown that one of the best ways to increase the alertness and efficiency of workers on night shifts is to ____.​

One part of the reticular formation that contributes to cortical arousal is known as the ____.​

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

A decrease in the amount of sleep most likely to affect the performance of migratory bird during ____.

Among adult humans,those who sleep ____ or more hours per night have the highest percentage of REM sleep.

The input from the eyes to the suprachiasmatic nucleus,responsible for shifting the phase of the circadian rhythm,originates from ____.

A person's circadian activity cycle would most likely drift out of phase with the activity of other people if the person ____.

Temporary sleep deprivation causes the body to respond in a similar manner as it does to being ill.

EEG waves are larger when brain activity decreases because ____.

A polysomnograph displays ____.

What does "endogenous" mean?

What is paradoxical about paradoxical sleep?

Alternation between wakefulness and sleep depends completely on stimuli in the environment.

Orexin is not necessary for waking up,but it is for staying awake.

It appears from research with cats that one function of the messages from the pons to the spinal cord is to prevent us from ____.

Repeated involuntary movements of the arms and legs that may prevent a person from falling asleep are known as ____.

After damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus,the body ____.

Based on research,it has been determined that the human circadian rhythm appears to be ____.

A disruption of circadian rhythms due to crossing time zones is known as ____.

After a cut through the midbrain separates the forebrain and part of the midbrain from all the lower structures,an animal ____.

Blind and deaf animals do not have circadian rhythms.

Research on circadian rhythms has shown that one of the best ways to increase the alertness and efficiency of workers on night shifts is to ____.

One part of the reticular formation that contributes to cortical arousal is known as the ____.