Question 1

Which statement is TRUE with regard to the duration of a self-generated sleep/activity cycle?​

Accepted Answer

A) It is unreliable in most species, and dependably close to 24 hours only in primates. 
B) ​It is longer if the organism is normally active in the dark. 
C) ​It rarely varies from one individual to another, if at all. 
D) It is highly consistent in a given individual in a given environment. 
A) It is unreliable in most species, and dependably close to 24 hours only in primates. 
B) ​It is longer if the organism is normally active in the dark. 
C) ​It rarely varies from one individual to another, if at all. 
D) It is highly consistent in a given individual in a given environment.

Question 2

Melatonin is released by the SCN.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

After isolating a neuron from the rest of the brain,you find that it has a moderately stable circadian rhythm.The most likely home of this neuron is in the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) optic nerve 
B) ​MPOA 
C) ​SCN 
D) pineal gland 
A) optic nerve 
B) ​MPOA 
C) ​SCN 
D) pineal gland

Question 4

Briefly describe the role of the locus coeruleus in arousal and attention.​

Accepted Answer

The locus coeruleus is a small structure

Question 5

Suppose you work on a submarine with only artificial light.You are required to follow a schedule of working for 12 hours and then sleeping for 6.What rhythm,if any,will your alertness and body temperature show?​

Accepted Answer

A) They will follow a rhythm of 18 hours. 
B) ​They will follow the usual rhythm of 24 hours. 
C) ​They will follow a rhythm of 21 hours. 
D) They will cease to show any consistent rhythm. 
A) They will follow a rhythm of 18 hours. 
B) ​They will follow the usual rhythm of 24 hours. 
C) ​They will follow a rhythm of 21 hours. 
D) They will cease to show any consistent rhythm.

Question 6

Someone in a(n)____ state alternates between periods of sleep and moderate arousal,although even during the more aroused state,the person shows no awareness of surroundings and no purposeful behavior.​

Accepted Answer

A) unconscious 
B) ​minimally conscious 
C) ​coma 
D) vegetative 
A) unconscious 
B) ​minimally conscious 
C) ​coma 
D) vegetative

Question 7

Dreams only occur during REM sleep.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Alpha waves are characteristic of what type of activity?​

Accepted Answer

A) NREM sleep 
B) ​nightmares 
C) ​relaxed wakefulness 
D) periods of great excitement 
A) NREM sleep 
B) ​nightmares 
C) ​relaxed wakefulness 
D) periods of great excitement

Question 9

What is a likely consequence if someone's temperature rhythm is phase-delayed?​

Accepted Answer

A) waking up frequently during the night 
B) ​having problems going to sleep after losing your job 
C) ​difficulty falling asleep 
D) not breathing during the night 
A) waking up frequently during the night 
B) ​having problems going to sleep after losing your job 
C) ​difficulty falling asleep 
D) not breathing during the night

Question 10

Loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus may contribute to ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) sleep apnea 
B) ​narcolepsy 
C) ​insomnia 
D) periodic limb movement disorder 
A) sleep apnea 
B) ​narcolepsy 
C) ​insomnia 
D) periodic limb movement disorder

Question 11

If we compare either different species or different ages,what trend emerges?​

Accepted Answer

A) The less total sleep, the higher the percentage of REM sleep 
B) ​The more total sleep, the higher the percentage of REM sleep 
C) ​The more activity during wakefulness, the higher the percentage of REM sleep 
D) The more activity during wakefulness, the lower the percentage of REM sleep 
A) The less total sleep, the higher the percentage of REM sleep 
B) ​The more total sleep, the higher the percentage of REM sleep 
C) ​The more activity during wakefulness, the higher the percentage of REM sleep 
D) The more activity during wakefulness, the lower the percentage of REM sleep

Question 12

When does sleep walking occur?​

Accepted Answer

A) only during REM sleep 
B) ​only during NREM sleep 
C) ​during both stage 3 and 4 sleep 
D) during the brief transition period between REM sleep and non-REM sleep 
A) only during REM sleep 
B) ​only during NREM sleep 
C) ​during both stage 3 and 4 sleep 
D) during the brief transition period between REM sleep and non-REM sleep

Question 13

Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most characteristic of which sleep stage?​

Accepted Answer

A) stage 1 
B) ​stage 2 
C) ​stage 3 
D) stage 4 
A) stage 1 
B) ​stage 2 
C) ​stage 3 
D) stage 4

Question 14

Which claim is most consistent with the evolutionary perspective of sleep?​

Accepted Answer

A) The function of sleep is similar to that of hibernation. 
B) ​More highly evolved species, such as humans, need more sleep than other species. 
C) ​During sleep, we relive the experiences of past generations. 
D) Sleep enables the body to repair and restore itself to promote survival. 
A) The function of sleep is similar to that of hibernation. 
B) ​More highly evolved species, such as humans, need more sleep than other species. 
C) ​During sleep, we relive the experiences of past generations. 
D) Sleep enables the body to repair and restore itself to promote survival.

Question 15

A "zeitgeber" is a(n)____.​

Accepted Answer

A) biological clock 
B) ​animal that does not have a biological clock 
C) ​environmental cue that resets a biological clock 
D) body activity that is controlled by a biological clock 
A) biological clock 
B) ​animal that does not have a biological clock 
C) ​environmental cue that resets a biological clock 
D) body activity that is controlled by a biological clock

Question 16

The relationship between sleep stage and dreaming is that dreams ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) occur only in REM sleep 
B) ​occur only in NREM sleep 
C) ​are more frequent and more vivid in REM sleep 
D) are more frequent and more vivid in NREM sleep 
A) occur only in REM sleep 
B) ​occur only in NREM sleep 
C) ​are more frequent and more vivid in REM sleep 
D) are more frequent and more vivid in NREM sleep

Question 17

Typically,a person who falls asleep enters ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) stage 4 and slowly progresses through the stages 3, 2, 1 and then REM 
B) ​REM and then slowly progresses from stage 4, to 3, then 2, and lastly 1 
C) ​stage 1 and slowly progresses through stages 2, 3 and 4, but not necessarily in order 
D) stage 1 and slowly progresses through stages 2, 3 and 4 in order 
A) stage 4 and slowly progresses through the stages 3, 2, 1 and then REM 
B) ​REM and then slowly progresses from stage 4, to 3, then 2, and lastly 1 
C) ​stage 1 and slowly progresses through stages 2, 3 and 4, but not necessarily in order 
D) stage 1 and slowly progresses through stages 2, 3 and 4 in order

Question 18

A small branch of the optic nerve,known as the ____ path extends directly from the retina to the SCN.​

Accepted Answer

A) opticthalamic 
B) ​retinohypothalamic 
C) ​opticretinal 
D) retinothalamic 
A) opticthalamic 
B) ​retinohypothalamic 
C) ​opticretinal 
D) retinothalamic

Question 19

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) substantia nigra 
B) ​caudate nucleus 
C) ​thalamus 
D) hypothalamus 
A) substantia nigra 
B) ​caudate nucleus 
C) ​thalamus 
D) hypothalamus

Question 20

Bright light late in the afternoon shortens the circadian rhythm.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which statement is TRUE with regard to the duration of a self-generated sleep/activity cycle?

Melatonin is released by the SCN.

After isolating a neuron from the rest of the brain,you find that it has a moderately stable circadian rhythm.The most likely home of this neuron is in the ____.

Briefly describe the role of the locus coeruleus in arousal and attention.

Suppose you work on a submarine with only artificial light.You are required to follow a schedule of working for 12 hours and then sleeping for 6.What rhythm,if any,will your alertness and body temperature show?

Someone in a(n)____ state alternates between periods of sleep and moderate arousal,although even during the more aroused state,the person shows no awareness of surroundings and no purposeful behavior.

Dreams only occur during REM sleep.

Alpha waves are characteristic of what type of activity?

What is a likely consequence if someone's temperature rhythm is phase-delayed?

Loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus may contribute to ____.

If we compare either different species or different ages,what trend emerges?

When does sleep walking occur?

Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most characteristic of which sleep stage?

Which claim is most consistent with the evolutionary perspective of sleep?

A "zeitgeber" is a(n)____.

The relationship between sleep stage and dreaming is that dreams ____.

Typically,a person who falls asleep enters ____.

A small branch of the optic nerve,known as the ____ path extends directly from the retina to the SCN.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the ____.

Bright light late in the afternoon shortens the circadian rhythm.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Exam 8: Wakefulness and Sleep

Which statement is TRUE with regard to the duration of a self-generated sleep/activity cycle?​

Melatonin is released by the SCN.​

After isolating a neuron from the rest of the brain,you find that it has a moderately stable circadian rhythm.The most likely home of this neuron is in the ____.​

Briefly describe the role of the locus coeruleus in arousal and attention.​

Suppose you work on a submarine with only artificial light.You are required to follow a schedule of working for 12 hours and then sleeping for 6.What rhythm,if any,will your alertness and body temperature show?​

Someone in a(n)____ state alternates between periods of sleep and moderate arousal,although even during the more aroused state,the person shows no awareness of surroundings and no purposeful behavior.​

Dreams only occur during REM sleep.​

Alpha waves are characteristic of what type of activity?​

What is a likely consequence if someone's temperature rhythm is phase-delayed?​

Loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus may contribute to ____.​

If we compare either different species or different ages,what trend emerges?​

When does sleep walking occur?​

Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most characteristic of which sleep stage?​

Which claim is most consistent with the evolutionary perspective of sleep?​

A "zeitgeber" is a(n)____.​

The relationship between sleep stage and dreaming is that dreams ____.​

Typically,a person who falls asleep enters ____.​

A small branch of the optic nerve,known as the ____ path extends directly from the retina to the SCN.​

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the ____.​

Bright light late in the afternoon shortens the circadian rhythm.​

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Which statement is TRUE with regard to the duration of a self-generated sleep/activity cycle?

Melatonin is released by the SCN.

After isolating a neuron from the rest of the brain,you find that it has a moderately stable circadian rhythm.The most likely home of this neuron is in the ____.

Briefly describe the role of the locus coeruleus in arousal and attention.

Suppose you work on a submarine with only artificial light.You are required to follow a schedule of working for 12 hours and then sleeping for 6.What rhythm,if any,will your alertness and body temperature show?

Someone in a(n)____ state alternates between periods of sleep and moderate arousal,although even during the more aroused state,the person shows no awareness of surroundings and no purposeful behavior.

Dreams only occur during REM sleep.

Alpha waves are characteristic of what type of activity?

What is a likely consequence if someone's temperature rhythm is phase-delayed?

Loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus may contribute to ____.

If we compare either different species or different ages,what trend emerges?

When does sleep walking occur?

Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most characteristic of which sleep stage?

Which claim is most consistent with the evolutionary perspective of sleep?

A "zeitgeber" is a(n)____.

The relationship between sleep stage and dreaming is that dreams ____.

Typically,a person who falls asleep enters ____.

A small branch of the optic nerve,known as the ____ path extends directly from the retina to the SCN.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the ____.

Bright light late in the afternoon shortens the circadian rhythm.