Question 1

Please define the following key terms.
- Cathedrals

Accepted Answer

Cathedrals are large, often ornate, churches that serve as the principal church within a specific geographical area known as a diocese or episcopate in many Christian denominations, particularly in the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Orthodox, and some Lutheran traditions. The term "cathedral" itself comes from the Latin word "cathedra," meaning "seat," which refers to the presence of the bishop's or archbishop's chair or throne, symbolizing their ecclesiastical authority over the diocese.

Cathedrals are typically distinguished by their grand scale and architectural complexity compared to smaller parish churches. They are often the site of significant religious ceremonies, such as ordinations, confirmations, and sometimes royal ceremonies and state functions. The architecture of cathedrals has evolved over the centuries, with styles ranging from Romanesque and Gothic to Renaissance and modern.

Key features of cathedrals may include:

1. Nave: The central and principal part of the cathedral, extending from the entrance (the narthex) to the transepts (cross arms) or, in the absence of transepts, to the chancel (area around the altar).

2. Transept: The area set crosswise to the nave in a cruciform ("cross-shaped") building, which often separates the nave from the sanctuary or chancel.

3. Chancel or Sanctuary: The space around the altar, including the choir and apse, often reserved for the clergy and choir, and typically separated from the nave by steps or a screen.

4. Altar: The table or structure at which the Eucharist is celebrated and which is often located in the chancel area.

5. Towers and Spires: Many cathedrals feature prominent towers or spires, which may serve as bell towers or simply as architectural statements of faith and power.

6. Stained Glass Windows: Cathedrals are renowned for their often elaborate and colorful stained glass windows, which depict biblical stories and saints and contribute to the spiritual and mystical atmosphere within the church.

7. Crypt: An underground chamber beneath the cathedral, often used as a burial place for prominent individuals, such as previous bishops, or as a chapel.

Cathedrals are not only places of worship but also historical monuments and centers of cultural heritage, reflecting the artistic, cultural, and spiritual aspirations of the societies that built them. They often attract tourists and pilgrims alike and can be focal points for community events and civic pride.

Question 2

How did the cerealization of Europe lead to a growth of market places?

Accepted Answer

In this essay,students should discuss the following key points:

Question 3

Agricultural innovations responsible for increased food production included which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) windmills. 
B) horse-drawn plows. 
C) crop rotation. 
D) iron tools. 
E) all of these choices. 
A) windmills. 
B) horse-drawn plows. 
C) crop rotation. 
D) iron tools. 
E) all of these choices. E

Question 4

By 1100,while Paris was the center for the study of theology,the university of Bologna specialized in

Accepted Answer

A) law. 
B) medicine. 
C) music. 
D) languages. 
E) mathematics. 
A) law. 
B) medicine. 
C) music. 
D) languages. 
E) mathematics.

Question 5

The reforms of the church,at this time,included the reception of communion once a year and

Accepted Answer

A) addition of simony as church doctrine. 
B) rejection of celibacy among the priests. 
C) election of popes by a council of kings. 
D) power of the pope to decide civil laws. 
E) requirement that Christians confess annually. 
A) addition of simony as church doctrine. 
B) rejection of celibacy among the priests. 
C) election of popes by a council of kings. 
D) power of the pope to decide civil laws. 
E) requirement that Christians confess annually.

Question 6

Please define the following key terms.
- Thomas Aquinas

Accepted Answer

Thomas Aquinas was a medieval Italian ph

Question 7

Please define the following key terms.
- Universities

Accepted Answer

Universities are institutions of higher

Question 8

Who was not a reform pope of this era?

Accepted Answer

A) Leo IX. 
B) Gregory VII. 
C) Innocent III. 
D) Urban II. 
E) All of these were reform popes. 
A) Leo IX. 
B) Gregory VII. 
C) Innocent III. 
D) Urban II. 
E) All of these were reform popes.

Question 9

Please define the following key terms.
- The Great Famine

Accepted Answer

The Great Famine, also known as the Iris

Question 10

What caused reform inside the established monastic orders after 1100?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  What caused reform inside the established monastic...

Question 11

Please define the following key terms.
- University of Bologna

Accepted Answer

The University of Bologna is the oldest

Question 12

According to the French historian Georges Duby,the European society after 1000 was best symbolized by the relationship between

Accepted Answer

A) Christian and infidel. 
B) powerful and powerless. 
C) free and slave. 
D) landed and landless. 
E) church and king. 
A) Christian and infidel. 
B) powerful and powerless. 
C) free and slave. 
D) landed and landless. 
E) church and king.

Question 13

Interest in the Islamic world decreased because

Accepted Answer

A) many Greek texts had been translated and sparked a great interest in this area. 
B) most European scholars saw Islamic knowledge as inferior to the classics. 
C) a strong interest in Roman law took center stage,especially in Bologna. 
D) few Europeans knew enough Arabic to translate Arabic texts. 
E) many were suspicious of the Islamic world because it was non-Christian. 
A) many Greek texts had been translated and sparked a great interest in this area. 
B) most European scholars saw Islamic knowledge as inferior to the classics. 
C) a strong interest in Roman law took center stage,especially in Bologna. 
D) few Europeans knew enough Arabic to translate Arabic texts. 
E) many were suspicious of the Islamic world because it was non-Christian.

Question 14

Please define the following key terms.
- Trivium

Accepted Answer

The Trivium is a classical model of educ

Question 15

By 1200,though water mills were plentiful in Europe,____ provided the best source of power.

Accepted Answer

A) humans. 
B) rotary oxen pulls. 
C) small wood burning steam power devices. 
D) water pumps. 
E) windmills. 
A) humans. 
B) rotary oxen pulls. 
C) small wood burning steam power devices. 
D) water pumps. 
E) windmills.

Question 16

Please define the following key terms.
- Regular Clergy

Accepted Answer

Regular clergy refers to members of the

Question 17

The guild of university teachers was involved in many aspects of the university,including which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) choosing which students to admit into the university. 
B) deciding who could receive a degree. 
C) determining the composition of readings. 
D) creating the content of examinations. 
E) all of these choices. 
A) choosing which students to admit into the university. 
B) deciding who could receive a degree. 
C) determining the composition of readings. 
D) creating the content of examinations. 
E) all of these choices.

Question 18

The effect of primogeniture on society included

Accepted Answer

A) rivalry between sons to inherit the family estate. 
B) the creation of powerful estates. 
C) the possibility that a strong landlord might become king. 
D) estates left to daughters. 
E) younger sons being forced to attend newly formed universities and re-establish themselves in other careers. 
A) rivalry between sons to inherit the family estate. 
B) the creation of powerful estates. 
C) the possibility that a strong landlord might become king. 
D) estates left to daughters. 
E) younger sons being forced to attend newly formed universities and re-establish themselves in other careers.

Question 19

Paper,the adjustable rudder,and the compass all originated where,the latter two through the Islamic world?

Accepted Answer

A) England. 
B) Persia. 
C) China. 
D) Japan. 
E) Islamic Spain. 
A) England. 
B) Persia. 
C) China. 
D) Japan. 
E) Islamic Spain.

Question 20

The term feudal - less favored by historians - was introduced by

Accepted Answer

A) modern-day scholars in describing the years 1000 to 1340. 
B) people who lived during the years 1000 to 1400. 
C) landlords of the time in referring to their serfs' obligations. 
D) after 1600 as a legal concept. 
E) the church,when addressing its members. 
A) modern-day scholars in describing the years 1000 to 1340. 
B) people who lived during the years 1000 to 1400. 
C) landlords of the time in referring to their serfs' obligations. 
D) after 1600 as a legal concept. 
E) the church,when addressing its members.

Exam 13: Europes Commercial Revolution, 1000 - 1400

Please define the following key terms. - Cathedrals

How did the cerealization of Europe lead to a growth of market places?

Agricultural innovations responsible for increased food production included which of the following?

By 1100,while Paris was the center for the study of theology,the university of Bologna specialized in

The reforms of the church,at this time,included the reception of communion once a year and

Please define the following key terms. - Thomas Aquinas

Please define the following key terms. - Universities

Who was not a reform pope of this era?

Please define the following key terms. - The Great Famine

What caused reform inside the established monastic orders after 1100?

Please define the following key terms. - University of Bologna

According to the French historian Georges Duby,the European society after 1000 was best symbolized by the relationship between

Interest in the Islamic world decreased because

Please define the following key terms. - Trivium

By 1200,though water mills were plentiful in Europe,____ provided the best source of power.

Please define the following key terms. - Regular Clergy

The guild of university teachers was involved in many aspects of the university,including which of the following?

The effect of primogeniture on society included

Paper,the adjustable rudder,and the compass all originated where,the latter two through the Islamic world?

The term feudal - less favored by historians - was introduced by

The Peopling of the World, to 4000 BCE

The First Complex Societies in the Eastern Mediterranean, ca 4000 - 550 BCE

Ancient India and the Rise of Buddhism, 2600 BCE- 100 Ce

Blueprint for Empire: China, 1200 BCE- 220 Ce

The Americas and the Islands of the Pacific, to 1200 Ce

New Empires in Iran and Greece, 2000 BCE- 651 Ce

The Roman Empire and the Rise of Christianity, 509 BCE- 476 Ce

Hindu and Buddhist States and Societies in Asia, 100 - 1000

Islamic Empires of Western Asia and Africa, 600 - 1258

The Multiple Centers of Europe, 500 - 1000

Expanding Trade Networks in Africa and India, 1000 - 1500

Chinas Commercial Revolution, ca900 - 1276

The Mongols and Their Successors, 1200 - 1500

Maritime Expansion in the Atlantic World, 1400 - 1600

Maritime Expansion in Afro-Eurasia, 1500 - 1700

Religion, politics, and the Balance of Power in Western Eurasia, 1500 - 1750

Empires, colonies, and Peoples of the Americas, 1600 - 1750

The Atlantic System: Africa, the Americas, and Europe, 1550 - 1807

Empires in Early Modern Asia, 1650 - 1818

European Science and the Foundations of Modern Imperialism, 1600 - 1820

Revolutions in the West, 1750 - 1830

The Industrial Revolution and European Politics, 1780 - 1880

China, japan, and India Confront the Modern World, 1800 - 1910

State Building and Social Change in the Americas, 1830 - 1895

The New Imperialism in Africa and Southeast Asia, 1830 - 1914

War, revolution, and Global Uncertainty, 1905 - 1928

Responses to Global Crisis, 1920 - 1939

The Second World War and the Origins of the Cold War, 1939 - 1949

The Cold War and Decolonization 1949 - 1975

Toward a New World Order, 1975 - 2000

Voyage Into the Twenty-First Century

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