Question 1

Please define the following key terms.
- Jacobo Arbenz

Accepted Answer

Jacobo Arbenz was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who served as the President of Guatemala from 1951 to 1954. He was the second democratically elected president of Guatemala and a key figure in the Guatemalan Revolution, which had begun in 1944 with the overthrow of dictator Jorge Ubico.

Arbenz's government is most notable for its land reform policy, which aimed to redistribute unused lands owned by large corporations to landless peasants. This policy, known as Decree 900, affected the interests of the United Fruit Company, an American corporation with significant landholdings and influence in Guatemala.

The land reform, along with Arbenz's leftist leanings, led to concerns in the United States government about the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere during the Cold War. As a result, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) orchestrated a covert operation known as Operation PBSUCCESS, which supported a coup led by Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas. The coup was successful, and Arbenz was forced to resign and go into exile in 1954.

Jacobo Arbenz's overthrow had long-lasting effects on Guatemala, contributing to political instability and setting the stage for a civil war that lasted from 1960 to 1996. His presidency and subsequent ousting remain controversial and significant events in the history of Latin America's 20th-century struggles with democracy, social reform, and foreign intervention.

Question 2

Please define the following key terms.
- Bandung Conference

Accepted Answer

The Bandung Conference, also known as the Asian-African Conference, was a meeting of Asian and African states, most of which were newly independent, which took place on April 18-24, 1955, in Bandung, Indonesia. The conference was organized by Indonesia, Myanmar (then Burma), Pakistan, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), and India, and was attended by representatives from 29 countries representing more than half the world's population.

The Bandung Conference was significant for several reasons:

1. **Decolonization and Self-Determination:** It was the first large-scale gathering of Asian and African nations since the decolonization process began after World War II. The conference aimed to promote African and Asian economic and cultural cooperation and to oppose colonialism or neocolonialism by any nation.

2. **Non-Alignment:** The conference led to the promotion of the Non-Aligned Movement, which was formally established later in 1961. The movement aimed to stand apart from the global Cold War division between the United States and the Soviet Union, advocating for a path of neutrality and non-alignment with these superpowers.

3. **Solidarity:** The Bandung Conference was a symbol of solidarity among emerging countries in the Global South. It was a platform for these countries to voice their opinions on the world stage and to support each other in their respective struggles for economic and political development.

4. **Principles:** The conference adopted a final communiqué that included principles to guide relations among the participating countries, which became known as the "Ten Principles of Bandung." These principles included respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, non-aggression, non-interference in internal affairs, equality, mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.

The Bandung Conference was a milestone in the history of international relations and had a lasting impact on the formation of alliances and policy-making in the Global South. It was a precursor to the establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement and played a significant role in the struggle against colonialism and imperialism.

Question 3

Which of the following is true concerning Cuban Missile Crisis?

Accepted Answer

A) After the Bay of Pigs Invasion,Castro became close allies with China. 
B) Mao took advantage of the tension between America and Cuba to increase economic investments in Cuba. 
C) The United States and the Soviet Union were on the threshold of nuclear war over Soviet missiles in Cuba. 
D) The Soviet Union,China,and Cuba created a Caribbean Military Pact. 
E) Cuba,fearing American attack,began to develop its own nuclear arsenal with aid from the Soviets. 
A) After the Bay of Pigs Invasion,Castro became close allies with China. 
B) Mao took advantage of the tension between America and Cuba to increase economic investments in Cuba. 
C) The United States and the Soviet Union were on the threshold of nuclear war over Soviet missiles in Cuba. 
D) The Soviet Union,China,and Cuba created a Caribbean Military Pact. 
E) Cuba,fearing American attack,began to develop its own nuclear arsenal with aid from the Soviets. C

Question 4

Which of the following describes the Soviet Union's actions during the Cold War?

Accepted Answer

A) All of the answers are correct. 
B) Soviets claimed that colonialism and imperialism were deterrents to liberation. 
C) It supported efforts to throw off European colonial powers. 
D) Latin American nations,trying to free themselves of American influence,received Soviet support. 
E) It considered itself a champion of freedom. 
A) All of the answers are correct. 
B) Soviets claimed that colonialism and imperialism were deterrents to liberation. 
C) It supported efforts to throw off European colonial powers. 
D) Latin American nations,trying to free themselves of American influence,received Soviet support. 
E) It considered itself a champion of freedom.

Question 5

Please define the following key terms.
- Prague Spring

Accepted Answer

The Prague Spring refers to a brief peri

Question 6

Which of the following was a part of French neocolonialism in Africa?

Accepted Answer

A) A promise of French citizenship by a colonial policy of "assimilation." 
B) Former French colonies receiving control over their own internal affairs,but under the direction from Paris. 
C) Joined a larger French Community. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) Currency pegged to the French stock market. 
A) A promise of French citizenship by a colonial policy of "assimilation." 
B) Former French colonies receiving control over their own internal affairs,but under the direction from Paris. 
C) Joined a larger French Community. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) Currency pegged to the French stock market.

Question 7

President Eisenhower backed Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi because the Americans were concerned that the Soviet Union wanted

Accepted Answer

A) an ally in the Middle East. 
B) Iran's oil fields. 
C) to use Iran against Israel. 
D) to prevent Iran from getting closer to the U.S. 
E) to collect on debts form Iran from the second World War. 
A) an ally in the Middle East. 
B) Iran's oil fields. 
C) to use Iran against Israel. 
D) to prevent Iran from getting closer to the U.S. 
E) to collect on debts form Iran from the second World War.

Question 8

Although the Soviets proclaimed themselves champions of liberation and anticolonialism,they would not tolerate any liberation within their own spheres of influence.Using one or two examples,elaborate.

Accepted Answer

One example of the Soviets not toleratin

Question 9

In 1957,Kwama Kkrumah became the first president of what independent nation?

Accepted Answer

A) Ghana. 
B) Mali. 
C) Ethiopia. 
D) Kenya. 
E) South Africa. 
A) Ghana. 
B) Mali. 
C) Ethiopia. 
D) Kenya. 
E) South Africa.

Question 10

Please define the following key terms.
- Great Leap Forward

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please define the following key terms.
- Great Leap...

Question 11

Which of the following describes the Congolese situation in the 1960s?

Accepted Answer

A) The nation had been severely repressed by Belgium,which wished to establish a neocolonialist relationship. 
B) Patrice Lumumba,as first president,faced internal division,dissent,and division from the start. 
C) All of the answers are correct. 
D) With the complicity of the CIA,Lumumba became a target of assassination because he had sought Soviet aid. 
E) By 1966,the American-backed Mobutu was firmly in control. 
A) The nation had been severely repressed by Belgium,which wished to establish a neocolonialist relationship. 
B) Patrice Lumumba,as first president,faced internal division,dissent,and division from the start. 
C) All of the answers are correct. 
D) With the complicity of the CIA,Lumumba became a target of assassination because he had sought Soviet aid. 
E) By 1966,the American-backed Mobutu was firmly in control.

Question 12

​Describe some of the dictatorships that arose in Latin American in the late 1960s through the mid-1970s.

Accepted Answer

- Chile's relatively strong democratic t

Question 13

Please define the following key terms.
- Muslim League

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please define the following key terms.
- Muslim League...

Question 14

Please define the following key terms.
- Cultural Revolution

Accepted Answer

The Cultural Revolution, also known as t

Question 15

The Cuban Missile Crisis happened in the fall of

Accepted Answer

A) 1960. 
B) 1962. 
C) 1963. 
D) 1964. 
E) 1959. 
A) 1960. 
B) 1962. 
C) 1963. 
D) 1964. 
E) 1959.

Question 16

In addition to being defeated by the Viet Minh at Dien Bien Phu in 1954,the French decided to cut their relationship to Vietnam as a colonial power because

Accepted Answer

A) Ho Chi Minh had made a successful appeal to the United Nations. 
B) the Chinese came into the war militarily on the side of Vietnam. 
C) the United States and Britain agreed to take up the fight for the French. 
D) France considered its nationalistic insurgency in Algeria more important that Vietnam. 
E) a national vote had elected Ho president of the new Vietnam. 
A) Ho Chi Minh had made a successful appeal to the United Nations. 
B) the Chinese came into the war militarily on the side of Vietnam. 
C) the United States and Britain agreed to take up the fight for the French. 
D) France considered its nationalistic insurgency in Algeria more important that Vietnam. 
E) a national vote had elected Ho president of the new Vietnam.

Question 17

Please define the following key terms.
- Kwame Nkrumah

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please define the following key terms.
- Kwame Nkrumah...

Question 18

During the Cold War Era,the United States was,like the Soviet Union,a model of contradictions as shown by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) its actions in Iran. 
B) the use of covert CIA actions that destroyed the elected government of Guatemala 
C) arming rebels in Honduras. 
D) expecting all nations to be against Marxism-Leninism. 
E) all of the answers are correct. 
A) its actions in Iran. 
B) the use of covert CIA actions that destroyed the elected government of Guatemala 
C) arming rebels in Honduras. 
D) expecting all nations to be against Marxism-Leninism. 
E) all of the answers are correct.

Question 19

Please define the following key terms.
- Nikita Khrushchev

Accepted Answer

Nikita Khrushchev was a prominent Soviet

Question 20

Which of the following describes pre-revolutionary Cuba?

Accepted Answer

A) All of the answers are correct. 
B) Its capital was known as a playground of tourists and big money. 
C) Casinos were controlled by the mafia. 
D) Batista ruled as an absolute tyrannical leader. 
E) Most of the island's people lived in abject poverty. 
A) All of the answers are correct. 
B) Its capital was known as a playground of tourists and big money. 
C) Casinos were controlled by the mafia. 
D) Batista ruled as an absolute tyrannical leader. 
E) Most of the island's people lived in abject poverty.

Exam 30: The Cold War and Decolonization 1949 - 1975

Please define the following key terms. - Jacobo Arbenz

Please define the following key terms. - Bandung Conference

Which of the following is true concerning Cuban Missile Crisis?

Which of the following describes the Soviet Union's actions during the Cold War?

Please define the following key terms. - Prague Spring

Which of the following was a part of French neocolonialism in Africa?

President Eisenhower backed Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi because the Americans were concerned that the Soviet Union wanted

Although the Soviets proclaimed themselves champions of liberation and anticolonialism,they would not tolerate any liberation within their own spheres of influence.Using one or two examples,elaborate.

In 1957,Kwama Kkrumah became the first president of what independent nation?

Please define the following key terms. - Great Leap Forward

Which of the following describes the Congolese situation in the 1960s?

​Describe some of the dictatorships that arose in Latin American in the late 1960s through the mid-1970s.

Please define the following key terms. - Muslim League

Please define the following key terms. - Cultural Revolution

The Cuban Missile Crisis happened in the fall of

In addition to being defeated by the Viet Minh at Dien Bien Phu in 1954,the French decided to cut their relationship to Vietnam as a colonial power because

Please define the following key terms. - Kwame Nkrumah

During the Cold War Era,the United States was,like the Soviet Union,a model of contradictions as shown by which of the following?

Please define the following key terms. - Nikita Khrushchev

Which of the following describes pre-revolutionary Cuba?

The Peopling of the World, to 4000 BCE

The First Complex Societies in the Eastern Mediterranean, ca 4000 - 550 BCE

Ancient India and the Rise of Buddhism, 2600 BCE- 100 Ce

Blueprint for Empire: China, 1200 BCE- 220 Ce

The Americas and the Islands of the Pacific, to 1200 Ce

New Empires in Iran and Greece, 2000 BCE- 651 Ce

The Roman Empire and the Rise of Christianity, 509 BCE- 476 Ce

Hindu and Buddhist States and Societies in Asia, 100 - 1000

Islamic Empires of Western Asia and Africa, 600 - 1258

The Multiple Centers of Europe, 500 - 1000

Expanding Trade Networks in Africa and India, 1000 - 1500

Chinas Commercial Revolution, ca900 - 1276

Europes Commercial Revolution, 1000 - 1400

The Mongols and Their Successors, 1200 - 1500

Maritime Expansion in the Atlantic World, 1400 - 1600

Maritime Expansion in Afro-Eurasia, 1500 - 1700

Religion, politics, and the Balance of Power in Western Eurasia, 1500 - 1750

Empires, colonies, and Peoples of the Americas, 1600 - 1750

The Atlantic System: Africa, the Americas, and Europe, 1550 - 1807

Empires in Early Modern Asia, 1650 - 1818

European Science and the Foundations of Modern Imperialism, 1600 - 1820

Revolutions in the West, 1750 - 1830

The Industrial Revolution and European Politics, 1780 - 1880

China, japan, and India Confront the Modern World, 1800 - 1910

State Building and Social Change in the Americas, 1830 - 1895

The New Imperialism in Africa and Southeast Asia, 1830 - 1914

War, revolution, and Global Uncertainty, 1905 - 1928

Responses to Global Crisis, 1920 - 1939

The Second World War and the Origins of the Cold War, 1939 - 1949

Toward a New World Order, 1975 - 2000

Voyage Into the Twenty-First Century

Filters

Describe some of the dictatorships that arose in Latin American in the late 1960s through the mid-1970s.