Question 1

Maltose is composed of the following simple sugars:

Accepted Answer

A)  galactose only 
B)  glucose only 
C)  fructose only 
D)  galactose and glucose 
E)  glucose and fructose
F) galactose and fructose 
A)  galactose only 
B)  glucose only 
C)  fructose only 
D)  galactose and glucose 
E)  glucose and fructose
F) galactose and fructose

Question 2

The conversion of a sugar's carbonyl to an alcohol is

Accepted Answer

A)  a reduction reaction. 
B)  an oxidation reaction. 
C)  a glycosidic reaction. 
D)  impossible. 
A)  a reduction reaction. 
B)  an oxidation reaction. 
C)  a glycosidic reaction. 
D)  impossible.

Question 3

Which of the following monosaccharides is a ketose?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  fructose 
C)  galactose 
D)  mannose 
A)  glucose 
B)  fructose 
C)  galactose 
D)  mannose

Question 4

Which of the following is not a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  fructose 
C)  sucrose 
D)  maltose 
E)  lactose 
A)  glucose 
B)  fructose 
C)  sucrose 
D)  maltose 
E)  lactose

Question 5

The cyclic form of sugars

Accepted Answer

A)  has one more chiral center (the anomeric carbon) than the open-chain form. 
B)  loses a chiral center compared to the open-chain form. 
C)  is not usually found in nature. 
D)  has one more carbon atom than the open-chain form. 
E)  has one less carbon atom than the open-chain form. 
A)  has one more chiral center (the anomeric carbon) than the open-chain form. 
B)  loses a chiral center compared to the open-chain form. 
C)  is not usually found in nature. 
D)  has one more carbon atom than the open-chain form. 
E)  has one less carbon atom than the open-chain form.

Question 6

Exhibit 16B
  
-Refer to Exhibit 16B. The enantiomer of D-glucose is:

Accepted Answer

A)  D-Fructose 
B)  D-Glucose 
C)  L-Glucose 
D)  L-Idose 
E)  D-Galactose 
A)  D-Fructose 
B)  D-Glucose 
C)  L-Glucose 
D)  L-Idose 
E)  D-Galactose

Question 7

Exhibit 16A A carbohydrate Fischer projection.
  
-Refer to Exhibit 16A. The carbohydrate shown is

Accepted Answer

A)  the D isomer. 
B)  the L isomer. 
C)  both D and L. 
D)  neither D nor L. 
E)  It's impossible to tell from a picture which isomer this is. 
A)  the D isomer. 
B)  the L isomer. 
C)  both D and L. 
D)  neither D nor L. 
E)  It's impossible to tell from a picture which isomer this is.

Question 8

A major difference between amylose and amylopectin is that

Accepted Answer

A)  amylose is connected by α(1−4) bonds and amylopectin is connected by β(1−4) bonds. 
B)  amylose is branched and amylopectin is not. 
C)  amylopectin is branched and amylose is not. 
D)  each is composed different types of sugar residues. 
A)  amylose is connected by α(1−4) bonds and amylopectin is connected by β(1−4) bonds. 
B)  amylose is branched and amylopectin is not. 
C)  amylopectin is branched and amylose is not. 
D)  each is composed different types of sugar residues.

Question 9

Epimers are

Accepted Answer

A)  stereoisomers that differ from each other in their configuration at two or more carbon atoms. 
B)  stereoisomers that differ from each other in their configuration at a single carbon atom. 
C)  the α and β forms of cyclic sugars. 
D)  two related compounds, pyran and furan. 
A)  stereoisomers that differ from each other in their configuration at two or more carbon atoms. 
B)  stereoisomers that differ from each other in their configuration at a single carbon atom. 
C)  the α and β forms of cyclic sugars. 
D)  two related compounds, pyran and furan.

Question 10

The simplest ketotriose is

Accepted Answer

A)  glyceraldehyde. 
B)  dihydroxyacetone. 
C)  ribose. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  sucrose. 
A)  glyceraldehyde. 
B)  dihydroxyacetone. 
C)  ribose. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  sucrose.

Question 11

Glycogen breakdown proceeds from the nonreducing ends.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Cell walls

Accepted Answer

A)  occur in plants, animals, and bacteria 
B)  are found in plants and bacteria, but have different chemical compositions 
C)  have the same chemical composition in plants and bacteria 
D)  have the same chemical composition in plants and animals 
A)  occur in plants, animals, and bacteria 
B)  are found in plants and bacteria, but have different chemical compositions 
C)  have the same chemical composition in plants and bacteria 
D)  have the same chemical composition in plants and animals

Question 13

The following sugar is also called blood sugar:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fructose 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Lactose 
D)  Sucrose 
E)  Maltose 
A)  Fructose 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Lactose 
D)  Sucrose 
E)  Maltose

Question 14

Lactose intolerance

Accepted Answer

A)  arises from inability to metabolize the disaccharide lactose 
B)  depends on a deficiency of sucrose in the diet 
C)  is based on the composition of lactose, consisting glucose and fructose in glycosidic linkage 
D)  arises because lactose is a dimer of galactose 
A)  arises from inability to metabolize the disaccharide lactose 
B)  depends on a deficiency of sucrose in the diet 
C)  is based on the composition of lactose, consisting glucose and fructose in glycosidic linkage 
D)  arises because lactose is a dimer of galactose

Question 15

Insoluble fiber in the diet is better at binding toxic substances than soluble fiber.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following has only α[1−4] linkages and no α[1−6] linkages

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycogen 
B)  Amylose 
C)  Amylopectin 
D)  Starch 
E)  Cellobiose 
A)  Glycogen 
B)  Amylose 
C)  Amylopectin 
D)  Starch 
E)  Cellobiose

Question 17

In a Fischer projection, which chiral carbon determines whether the sugar is the D- or the L-isomer?

Accepted Answer

A)  highest numbered carbon atom 
B)  lowest numbered asymmetric carbon atom 
C)  lowest numbered carbon atom 
D)  highest numbered asymmetric carbon atom 
A)  highest numbered carbon atom 
B)  lowest numbered asymmetric carbon atom 
C)  lowest numbered carbon atom 
D)  highest numbered asymmetric carbon atom

Question 18

The following sugar is also called milk sugar:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fructose 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Lactose 
D)  Sucrose 
E)  Maltose 
A)  Fructose 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Lactose 
D)  Sucrose 
E)  Maltose

Question 19

Exhibit 16B
  
-Refer to Exhibit 16B. Epimers of D-Glucose include:

Accepted Answer

A)  D-Fructose and L-Glucose 
B)  D-Glucose and L-Glucose 
C)  L-Glucose and L-Idose 
D)  L-Idose and D-Galactose 
E)  L-Glucose and D-Galactose 
A)  D-Fructose and L-Glucose 
B)  D-Glucose and L-Glucose 
C)  L-Glucose and L-Idose 
D)  L-Idose and D-Galactose 
E)  L-Glucose and D-Galactose

Question 20

Amino or acid derivatives of sugars are very important in which of the following biological functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Structural roles 
B)  Lubricating fluids 
C)  Cell surface sugars used in cell identity 
D)  Both structural roles and lubricating fluids. 
E)  All of the above are functions of amino and acid sugar derivatives. 
A)  Structural roles 
B)  Lubricating fluids 
C)  Cell surface sugars used in cell identity 
D)  Both structural roles and lubricating fluids. 
E)  All of the above are functions of amino and acid sugar derivatives.

Exam 16: Carbohydrates

Maltose is composed of the following simple sugars:

The conversion of a sugar's carbonyl to an alcohol is

Which of the following monosaccharides is a ketose?

Which of the following is not a reducing sugar?

The cyclic form of sugars

Exhibit 16B -Refer to Exhibit 16B. The enantiomer of D-glucose is:

Exhibit 16A A carbohydrate Fischer projection. -Refer to Exhibit 16A. The carbohydrate shown is

A major difference between amylose and amylopectin is that

Epimers are

The simplest ketotriose is

Glycogen breakdown proceeds from the nonreducing ends.

Cell walls

The following sugar is also called blood sugar:

Lactose intolerance

Insoluble fiber in the diet is better at binding toxic substances than soluble fiber.

Which of the following has only α[1−4] linkages and no α[1−6] linkages

In a Fischer projection, which chiral carbon determines whether the sugar is the D- or the L-isomer?

The following sugar is also called milk sugar:

Exhibit 16B -Refer to Exhibit 16B. Epimers of D-Glucose include:

Amino or acid derivatives of sugars are very important in which of the following biological functions?

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water: the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code: Biosynthesis of RNA

Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling

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