Question 1

How many carbon atoms are in the simplest carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 C

Question 2

Exhibit 16C?A polysaccharide.
  
-Refer to Exhibit 16C. Which best describes bond #3?

Accepted Answer

A)  α[1,3] 
B)  β[1,3] 
C)  α[2,4] 
D)  β[2,4] 
E)  None of the above is a proper description. 
A)  α[1,3] 
B)  β[1,3] 
C)  α[2,4] 
D)  β[2,4] 
E)  None of the above is a proper description. C

Question 3

Haworth projection formulas

Accepted Answer

A)  are representations of the cyclic form of sugars 
B)  can show the distinction between the α and β anomers 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above 
A)  are representations of the cyclic form of sugars 
B)  can show the distinction between the α and β anomers 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above C

Question 4

Exhibit 16A A carbohydrate Fischer projection.
  
-Refer to Exhibit 16BA Which of the following figures represents the Haworth projection of the carbohydrate shown?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D)

Question 5

Two samples containing identical mixtures of sugars are analyzed, one using Tollen's reagent, the other with glucose oxidase. Which will give a stronger reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tollen's reagent 
B)  glucose oxidase 
C)  They will have identical strengths. 
D)  It's impossible to predict from the information provided. 
A)  Tollen's reagent 
B)  glucose oxidase 
C)  They will have identical strengths. 
D)  It's impossible to predict from the information provided.

Question 6

Lactose is composed of the following simple sugars:

Accepted Answer

A)  galactose only 
B)  glucose only 
C)  fructose only 
D)  galactose and glucose 
E)  glucose and fructose 
F) galactose and fructose 
A)  galactose only 
B)  glucose only 
C)  fructose only 
D)  galactose and glucose 
E)  glucose and fructose 
F) galactose and fructose

Question 7

Exhibit 16A A carbohydrate Fischer projection.
  
-Refer to Exhibit 16A. The carbohydrate shown is

Accepted Answer

A)  a monosaccharide 
B)  a ketose. 
C)  a hexose. 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  a monosaccharide 
B)  a ketose. 
C)  a hexose. 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these

Question 8

Glycogen is sometimes called animal starch

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which carbon of the open-chain form of a sugar becomes the anomeric carbon in the cyclic form?

Accepted Answer

A)  the carbonyl carbon 
B)  the highest numbered chiral center 
C)  the highest numbered carbon 
D)  It depends on the individual sugar. 
A)  the carbonyl carbon 
B)  the highest numbered chiral center 
C)  the highest numbered carbon 
D)  It depends on the individual sugar.

Question 10

Diastereomers are

Accepted Answer

A)  mirror-image, nonsuperimposable stereoisomers. 
B)  non-mirror-image, nonsuperimposable stereoisomers. 
C)  stereoisomers with one or more double bonds. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  mirror-image, nonsuperimposable stereoisomers. 
B)  non-mirror-image, nonsuperimposable stereoisomers. 
C)  stereoisomers with one or more double bonds. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 11

A lactone is a cyclic

Accepted Answer

A)  ether. 
B)  ester. 
C)  ketone. 
D)  alcohol. 
A)  ether. 
B)  ester. 
C)  ketone. 
D)  alcohol.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the ABO blood groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  all three of the blood groups have an á-L-fucose group attached 
B)  type O blood is the universal donor because it has an á-L-fucose group 
C)  type A blood has a â-N-acetylgalactosamine group 
D)  type AB blood is the universal donor 
A)  all three of the blood groups have an á-L-fucose group attached 
B)  type O blood is the universal donor because it has an á-L-fucose group 
C)  type A blood has a â-N-acetylgalactosamine group 
D)  type AB blood is the universal donor

Question 13

The most common biopolymer on earth is this carbohydrate:

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose 
B)  Cellulose 
C)  Starch 
D)  Chitin 
E)  None of these carbohydrates is very common. 
A)  Glucose 
B)  Cellulose 
C)  Starch 
D)  Chitin 
E)  None of these carbohydrates is very common.

Question 14

For a D-sugar, any group that is written to the right of the carbon in a Fischer projection

Accepted Answer

A)  has an upward projection in a Haworth projection. 
B)  has a downward projection in a Haworth projection. 
C)  may be either up or down in a Haworth projection, it depends on the individual sugar. 
D)  is missing from a Haworth projection. 
A)  has an upward projection in a Haworth projection. 
B)  has a downward projection in a Haworth projection. 
C)  may be either up or down in a Haworth projection, it depends on the individual sugar. 
D)  is missing from a Haworth projection.

Question 15

Which of the following molecules is a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  lactose 
C)  fructose 
D)  galactose 
A)  glucose 
B)  lactose 
C)  fructose 
D)  galactose

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the glycosidic bond in the disaccharide shown?

Accepted Answer

A)  α(1−4) 
B)  β(1−4) 
C)  α(2−4) 
D)  β(2−4) 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  α(1−4) 
B)  β(1−4) 
C)  α(2−4) 
D)  β(2−4) 
E)  None of the above.

Question 17

Which of the following compounds is produced by oxidation of an aldose in the cyclic form?

Accepted Answer

A)  a hemiacetal 
B)  a hemiketal 
C)  a lactone 
D)  an amino sugar 
A)  a hemiacetal 
B)  a hemiketal 
C)  a lactone 
D)  an amino sugar

Question 18

Which of the following statements associated with cellulose is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It's a linear polymer of glucose. 
B)  The glycosidic linkage is β(1 → 4). 
C)  Hydrolysis is accomplished enzymatically by cellulase. 
D)  Most animals can easily digest this compound. 
A)  It's a linear polymer of glucose. 
B)  The glycosidic linkage is β(1 → 4). 
C)  Hydrolysis is accomplished enzymatically by cellulase. 
D)  Most animals can easily digest this compound.

Question 19

Mirror image stereoisomers are called

Accepted Answer

A)  anomers. 
B)  diastereoisomers. 
C)  enantiomers. 
D)  epimers. 
A)  anomers. 
B)  diastereoisomers. 
C)  enantiomers. 
D)  epimers.

Question 20

Cellulose is indigestible to most animals because

Accepted Answer

A)  animals do not have the enzymes needed to hydrolyze ester linkages between the monomer units 
B)  animals do not have the enzymes needed to hydrolyze the α-glycosidic linkages between the monomer units 
C)  animals do not have the enzymes needed to hydrolyze the β-glycosidic linkages between the monomer units 
D)  its molecular weight is too high for it to be degraded by enzymes 
A)  animals do not have the enzymes needed to hydrolyze ester linkages between the monomer units 
B)  animals do not have the enzymes needed to hydrolyze the α-glycosidic linkages between the monomer units 
C)  animals do not have the enzymes needed to hydrolyze the β-glycosidic linkages between the monomer units 
D)  its molecular weight is too high for it to be degraded by enzymes

Exam 16: Carbohydrates

How many carbon atoms are in the simplest carbohydrates?

Exhibit 16C?A polysaccharide. -Refer to Exhibit 16C. Which best describes bond #3?

Haworth projection formulas

Exhibit 16A A carbohydrate Fischer projection. -Refer to Exhibit 16BA Which of the following figures represents the Haworth projection of the carbohydrate shown?

Two samples containing identical mixtures of sugars are analyzed, one using Tollen's reagent, the other with glucose oxidase. Which will give a stronger reaction?

Lactose is composed of the following simple sugars:

Exhibit 16A A carbohydrate Fischer projection. -Refer to Exhibit 16A. The carbohydrate shown is

Glycogen is sometimes called animal starch

Which carbon of the open-chain form of a sugar becomes the anomeric carbon in the cyclic form?

Diastereomers are

A lactone is a cyclic

Which of the following is true about the ABO blood groups?

The most common biopolymer on earth is this carbohydrate:

For a D-sugar, any group that is written to the right of the carbon in a Fischer projection

Which of the following molecules is a disaccharide?

Which of the following best describes the glycosidic bond in the disaccharide shown?

Which of the following compounds is produced by oxidation of an aldose in the cyclic form?

Which of the following statements associated with cellulose is false?

Mirror image stereoisomers are called

Cellulose is indigestible to most animals because

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water: the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code: Biosynthesis of RNA

Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling

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