Question 1

Glycogen is

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharide storage polymer found in plants 
B)  a linear polysaccharide 
C)  a highly branched polysaccharide found in animals 
D)  a synthetic sugar substitute 
A)  polysaccharide storage polymer found in plants 
B)  a linear polysaccharide 
C)  a highly branched polysaccharide found in animals 
D)  a synthetic sugar substitute

Question 2

Glycosidic bonds from sugars

Accepted Answer

A)  always link to the other molecule through an oxygen atom. 
B)  always link to the other molecule through a nitrogen atom. 
C)  may link to the other molecule through either an oxygen or a nitrogen atom 
D)  none of these 
A)  always link to the other molecule through an oxygen atom. 
B)  always link to the other molecule through a nitrogen atom. 
C)  may link to the other molecule through either an oxygen or a nitrogen atom 
D)  none of these

Question 3

Blood typing depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  the nature of the oligosaccharide portion of glycoproteins on the surface of red blood cells 
B)  the presence of a polysaccharide coating on red blood cells 
C)  the presence of a polysaccharide coating on white blood cells 
D)  the addition of sucrose to blood before storage 
A)  the nature of the oligosaccharide portion of glycoproteins on the surface of red blood cells 
B)  the presence of a polysaccharide coating on red blood cells 
C)  the presence of a polysaccharide coating on white blood cells 
D)  the addition of sucrose to blood before storage

Question 4

A pyranose is a sugar that

Accepted Answer

A)  contains a five-membered ring as part of its cyclic structure. 
B)  contains a six-membered ring as part of its cyclic structure. 
C)  is a five-carbon open-chain sugar. 
D)  is a six-carbon open-chain sugar. 
A)  contains a five-membered ring as part of its cyclic structure. 
B)  contains a six-membered ring as part of its cyclic structure. 
C)  is a five-carbon open-chain sugar. 
D)  is a six-carbon open-chain sugar.

Question 5

Chitin, which forms the exoskeletons of insects, is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  α(1−4) linked N-acetylglucosamine residues 
B)  β(1−4) linked N-acetylglucosamine residues 
C)  α(1−4) linked glucose residues 
D)  β(1−4) linked glucose residues 
A)  α(1−4) linked N-acetylglucosamine residues 
B)  β(1−4) linked N-acetylglucosamine residues 
C)  α(1−4) linked glucose residues 
D)  β(1−4) linked glucose residues

Question 6

Which of the following statements concerning sugar polymers is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Branched polymers have one non-reducing end and many reducing ends. 
B)  Linear polymers are more water-soluble than branched ones. 
C)  Branched polymers are more water-soluble than linear ones. 
D)  Sugar polymers may vary both in the composition of the sugar monomers and in the types of connecting glycosidic bonds. 
A)  Branched polymers have one non-reducing end and many reducing ends. 
B)  Linear polymers are more water-soluble than branched ones. 
C)  Branched polymers are more water-soluble than linear ones. 
D)  Sugar polymers may vary both in the composition of the sugar monomers and in the types of connecting glycosidic bonds.

Question 7

See figure 16.4 in the textbook. D-erythrose is to D-ribose as D-ribose is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  D-allose 
B)  D-altrose 
C)  D-glucose 
D)  D-galactose 
A)  D-allose 
B)  D-altrose 
C)  D-glucose 
D)  D-galactose

Question 8

The linkage between the glucose residues in amylopectin and glycogen is:

Accepted Answer

A)  For the main chain α (1 → 4) and β (1 → 4) for the branches 
B)  For the main chain α (1 → 6) and α (1 → 4) for the branches 
C)  For the main chain α (1 → 4) and α (1 → 6) for the branches 
D)  For the main chain β (1 → 4) and β (1 → 6) for the branches 
E)  The linkage between the glucose residues is variable. 
A)  For the main chain α (1 → 4) and β (1 → 4) for the branches 
B)  For the main chain α (1 → 6) and α (1 → 4) for the branches 
C)  For the main chain α (1 → 4) and α (1 → 6) for the branches 
D)  For the main chain β (1 → 4) and β (1 → 6) for the branches 
E)  The linkage between the glucose residues is variable.

Question 9

Aldoses can form which type of cyclic structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemiacetal 
B)  Hemiketal 
C)  Both hemiacetal and hemiketal 
D)  Neither hemiacetal and hemiketal 
A)  Hemiacetal 
B)  Hemiketal 
C)  Both hemiacetal and hemiketal 
D)  Neither hemiacetal and hemiketal

Question 10

For the α anomer of a D-sugar, the anomeric hydroxyl in a Haworth projection

Accepted Answer

A)  has an upward projection (on the same side as the terminal CH2OH group). 
B)  has a downward projection (on the opposite side from the terminal CH2OH group). 
C)  may be either up or down, it depends on the individual sugar. 
D)  is non-existent; anomers are a consideration only in Fischer projections. 
A)  has an upward projection (on the same side as the terminal CH2OH group). 
B)  has a downward projection (on the opposite side from the terminal CH2OH group). 
C)  may be either up or down, it depends on the individual sugar. 
D)  is non-existent; anomers are a consideration only in Fischer projections.

Question 11

When monosaccharides are bonded together

Accepted Answer

A)  one H2O molecule is lost for each new link formed. 
B)  oligosaccharides are formed by combining a few monosaccharides. 
C)  polysaccharides are formed by combining many monosaccharides. 
D)  all of these 
A)  one H2O molecule is lost for each new link formed. 
B)  oligosaccharides are formed by combining a few monosaccharides. 
C)  polysaccharides are formed by combining many monosaccharides. 
D)  all of these

Question 12

Insoluble fiber in the diet is better at better at providing bulk and stimulating peristaltic action than soluble fiber.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Humans are not able to digest cellulose as a food source because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellulose is very insoluble. 
B)  It is more important that the cellulose is used as fiber in our bodies. 
C)  We lack the enzyme to break the β linkage in the cellulose. 
D)  Cellulose is insoluble and we lack the enzyme to break the β linkage in the cellulose. 
E)  All of these are reasons why we cannot digest cellulose. 
A)  Cellulose is very insoluble. 
B)  It is more important that the cellulose is used as fiber in our bodies. 
C)  We lack the enzyme to break the β linkage in the cellulose. 
D)  Cellulose is insoluble and we lack the enzyme to break the β linkage in the cellulose. 
E)  All of these are reasons why we cannot digest cellulose.

Question 14

The α and β forms of the same sugar are called

Accepted Answer

A)  anomers. 
B)  diastereoisomers. 
C)  enantiomers. 
D)  epimers. 
E)  none of these 
A)  anomers. 
B)  diastereoisomers. 
C)  enantiomers. 
D)  epimers. 
E)  none of these

Question 15

Which of the following groups is produced when an aldehyde is oxidized?

Accepted Answer

A)  ketone 
B)  carboxyl 
C)  alcohol 
D)  ether 
A)  ketone 
B)  carboxyl 
C)  alcohol 
D)  ether

Question 16

The main difference, on the surface of a red blood cell, between the A-B-O major blood groups depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence or absence of a certain protein sequence. 
B)  the presence or absence of a certain sugar. 
C)  the presence or absence of an acetyl group on a sugar. 
D)  all of these 
A)  the presence or absence of a certain protein sequence. 
B)  the presence or absence of a certain sugar. 
C)  the presence or absence of an acetyl group on a sugar. 
D)  all of these

Question 17

Plant starch includes amylopectin and cellulose

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Isomers of sugars in which the position of ketone and aldehyde groups have been changed are called

Accepted Answer

A)  anomers. 
B)  diastereoisomers. 
C)  enantiomers. 
D)  epimers. 
E)  none of these 
A)  anomers. 
B)  diastereoisomers. 
C)  enantiomers. 
D)  epimers. 
E)  none of these

Question 19

Which of the following monosaccharides is a ketose?

Accepted Answer

A)  arabinose 
B)  ribose 
C)  xylose 
D)  lyxose 
E)  none of them 
A)  arabinose 
B)  ribose 
C)  xylose 
D)  lyxose 
E)  none of them

Question 20

Which of the following is a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose 
B)  lactose 
C)  maltose 
D)  cellobiose 
E)  all of them 
A)  sucrose 
B)  lactose 
C)  maltose 
D)  cellobiose 
E)  all of them

Exam 16: Carbohydrates

Glycogen is

Glycosidic bonds from sugars

Blood typing depends on

A pyranose is a sugar that

Chitin, which forms the exoskeletons of insects, is composed of

Which of the following statements concerning sugar polymers is false?

See figure 16.4 in the textbook. D-erythrose is to D-ribose as D-ribose is to:

The linkage between the glucose residues in amylopectin and glycogen is:

Aldoses can form which type of cyclic structure?

For the α anomer of a D-sugar, the anomeric hydroxyl in a Haworth projection

When monosaccharides are bonded together

Insoluble fiber in the diet is better at better at providing bulk and stimulating peristaltic action than soluble fiber.

Humans are not able to digest cellulose as a food source because:

The α and β forms of the same sugar are called

Which of the following groups is produced when an aldehyde is oxidized?

The main difference, on the surface of a red blood cell, between the A-B-O major blood groups depends on

Plant starch includes amylopectin and cellulose

Isomers of sugars in which the position of ketone and aldehyde groups have been changed are called

Which of the following monosaccharides is a ketose?

Which of the following is a disaccharide?

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water: the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code: Biosynthesis of RNA

Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling

Filters