Question 1

__________ goes from similarities between two things to a conclusion about some additional attributes of both things.

Accepted Answer

A)  Simple Induction. 
B)  Inductive generalization 
C)  Causal inference 
D)  Statistical syllogism 
E)  Analogy 
A)  Simple Induction. 
B)  Inductive generalization 
C)  Causal inference 
D)  Statistical syllogism 
E)  Analogy E

Question 2

__________ is going from a generalization to a specific conclusion.

Accepted Answer

A)  Simple Induction. 
B)  Inductive generalization 
C)  Causal inference 
D)  Statistical syllogism 
E)  Analogy 
A)  Simple Induction. 
B)  Inductive generalization 
C)  Causal inference 
D)  Statistical syllogism 
E)  Analogy D

Question 3

__________ is the ability to tell whether a researcher studied what he or she proposed to study.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reliability 
B)  Validity 
C)  Projectability 
D)  Deduction 
A)  Reliability 
B)  Validity 
C)  Projectability 
D)  Deduction B

Question 4

The illustration below represents validity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

__________ is drawing a conclusion about cause-and-effect relationship based on observations of some occurrence and conditions that exist at a given time, which one assumes to be the cause.

Accepted Answer

A)  Simple Induction. 
B)  Inductive generalization 
C)  Causal inference 
D)  Statistical syllogism 
E)  Analogy 
A)  Simple Induction. 
B)  Inductive generalization 
C)  Causal inference 
D)  Statistical syllogism 
E)  Analogy

Question 6

__________starts with a premise based on a sample group and leads to a conclusion involving another individual.

Accepted Answer

A)  Simple Induction 
B)  Inductive generalization 
C)  Causal inference 
D)  Statistical syllogism 
E)  Analogy 
A)  Simple Induction 
B)  Inductive generalization 
C)  Causal inference 
D)  Statistical syllogism 
E)  Analogy

Question 7

__________ makes general conclusions based on individual observations

Accepted Answer

A)  Reliability 
B)  Validity 
C)  Induction 
D)  Deduction 
A)  Reliability 
B)  Validity 
C)  Induction 
D)  Deduction

Question 8

Method and methodology are one and the same. They can be used interchangeably.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

__________ moves from something known to be true (major premise) toward a supporting idea and then to some conclusion

Accepted Answer

A)  Reliability 
B)  Validity 
C)  Induction 
D)  Deduction 
A)  Reliability 
B)  Validity 
C)  Induction 
D)  Deduction

Question 10

The figure below represents __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reliabity 
B)  Validity 
C)  Projectability 
D)  Both (a) and (b) 
A)  Reliabity 
B)  Validity 
C)  Projectability 
D)  Both (a) and (b)

Question 11

The figure below represents __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reliabity 
B)  Validity 
C)  Projectability 
D)  Deduction 
A)  Reliabity 
B)  Validity 
C)  Projectability 
D)  Deduction

Question 12

Define any five of the following terms: deduction, induction, projectability, reliability, validity, statistical syllogism, analogy, and causal inference.

Accepted Answer

Deduction: Deduction is a logical proces

Question 13

The illustration below represents the concept of reliability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

__________ is the ability to project the results of a study from a sample to population.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reliability 
B)  Validity 
C)  Projectability 
D)  Deduction 
A)  Reliability 
B)  Validity 
C)  Projectability 
D)  Deduction

Question 15

For an instrument to be valid it also has to be reliable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Red cars have higher insurance rates. Sam has a red car. Therefore, Sam has a high auto insurance rate. This is an example of __________ reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A)  Simple Induction 
B)  Deductive 
C)  Causal inference 
D)  Statistical syllogism 
E)  Analogy 
A)  Simple Induction 
B)  Deductive 
C)  Causal inference 
D)  Statistical syllogism 
E)  Analogy

Question 17

__________ goes from a premise based on a sample group and leads to a conclusion about the entire population.

Accepted Answer

A)  Simple Induction 
B)  Inductive generalization 
C)  Causal inference 
D)  Statistical syllogism 
E)  Analogy 
A)  Simple Induction 
B)  Inductive generalization 
C)  Causal inference 
D)  Statistical syllogism 
E)  Analogy

Question 18

Prediction involves a conclusion about future from sample in past

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Designing Research

__________ goes from similarities between two things to a conclusion about some additional attributes of both things.

__________ is going from a generalization to a specific conclusion.

__________ is the ability to tell whether a researcher studied what he or she proposed to study.

The illustration below represents validity.

__________ is drawing a conclusion about cause-and-effect relationship based on observations of some occurrence and conditions that exist at a given time, which one assumes to be the cause.

__________starts with a premise based on a sample group and leads to a conclusion involving another individual.

__________ makes general conclusions based on individual observations

Method and methodology are one and the same. They can be used interchangeably.

__________ moves from something known to be true (major premise) toward a supporting idea and then to some conclusion

The figure below represents __________.

The figure below represents __________.

Define any five of the following terms: deduction, induction, projectability, reliability, validity, statistical syllogism, analogy, and causal inference.

The illustration below represents the concept of reliability.

__________ is the ability to project the results of a study from a sample to population.

For an instrument to be valid it also has to be reliable.

Red cars have higher insurance rates. Sam has a red car. Therefore, Sam has a high auto insurance rate. This is an example of __________ reasoning.

__________ goes from a premise based on a sample group and leads to a conclusion about the entire population.

Prediction involves a conclusion about future from sample in past

Needs for Research in Advertising and Public Relations

Some Research Deﬁnitions

Planning and Using Research

Introduction to Secondary Research

Syndicated Research

Online Resources

Other Useful Resources

Uses of Qualitative Research

Focus Groups

Content Analysis

In-Depth Interviews

Other Qualitative Methods

How Qualitative Research Can Enhance Quantitative Research

Handling Qualitative Findings

Empirical Research: Survey Research

Sampling

Measuring Instruments

Question Wording

Interviewer Training

Obtaining Accurate Responses

Data Tabulation

Applications of Quantitative Research

Experimental Research

Experimental Approaches

Quasi-Experimental Research

Experimental Applications in Advertising and Public Relations

Historical and Legal Research and Critical Analysis

Handling Data

Scaling Techniques

Mapping Techniques

Statistics

Statistical Analytic Tools

Who Should Conduct Research

Applying Research to Advertising and Public Relations Situations

The Research Report

Ethics in Research

Filters