Question 1

Due to lack of experience with specific objects or situations, babies may refer to objects using subordinate-level categories such as

Accepted Answer

A)  calling all cars Jeeps. 
B)  calling all apples fruit. 
C)  calling all four-legged creatures animals. 
D)  calling human children and toy dolls babies. 
A)  calling all cars Jeeps. 
B)  calling all apples fruit. 
C)  calling all four-legged creatures animals. 
D)  calling human children and toy dolls babies.

Question 2

_______ are sentence frames that help identify the number of objects or participants involved in the event or situation described by a sentence.

Accepted Answer

A)  Information structures 
B)  Argument structures 
C)  Verbal structures 
D)  Linguistic structures 
A)  Information structures 
B)  Argument structures 
C)  Verbal structures 
D)  Linguistic structures

Question 3

How would you describe and explain the relationship between phonemes, morphemes, and affixes, using the word cat as an example?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How would you describe and explain the...

Question 4

With respect to word mapping, high-functioning children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have

Accepted Answer

A)  a difficult time making sense of spoken language. 
B)  no difficulty learning to map words onto objects. 
C)  a difficult time understanding the intentions of others. 
D)  no difficulty in tracking where others are orienting. 
A)  a difficult time making sense of spoken language. 
B)  no difficulty learning to map words onto objects. 
C)  a difficult time understanding the intentions of others. 
D)  no difficulty in tracking where others are orienting.

Question 5

After reading the findings of Xu and Carey (1996), you decide to test 9-month-old Charlie, whom you regularly babysit. First you bring a toy horse from behind a screen then hide it again, and then you bring a drum from behind the screen then hide it again. When you remove the screen that hid the toys, Charlie will be surprised if

Accepted Answer

A)  only the drum is revealed. 
B)  two totally different toys are revealed. 
C)  you named each toy as it appeared, but only the horse is revealed. 
D)  you named each toy as it appeared and both toys are revealed. 
A)  only the drum is revealed. 
B)  two totally different toys are revealed. 
C)  you named each toy as it appeared, but only the horse is revealed. 
D)  you named each toy as it appeared and both toys are revealed.

Question 6

Which situation would be most likely to lead a young child to conclude that the word ball can be interpreted as a new basic-level category? During a study, the researcher uses the word ball to refer to

Accepted Answer

A)  a soccer ball. 
B)  a group of toys that included a doll, a truck, and a ball. 
C)  a collection of balls, including a tennis ball, beach ball, and basketball. 
D)  pictures of a Dalmatian and of a baseball. 
A)  a soccer ball. 
B)  a group of toys that included a doll, a truck, and a ball. 
C)  a collection of balls, including a tennis ball, beach ball, and basketball. 
D)  pictures of a Dalmatian and of a baseball.

Question 7

If a child hears an adult say "bear" and point at a basketball several times, the child would

Accepted Answer

A)  start to also label the object bear. 
B)  attach an insignificant amount of evidence that the object is a bear and still learn the object is a ball. 
C)  attach an significant amount of evidence that the object is a bear and call it a bear until he or she has receives sufficient correction. 
D)  label the object a ball because of its ball-like features. 
A)  start to also label the object bear. 
B)  attach an insignificant amount of evidence that the object is a bear and still learn the object is a ball. 
C)  attach an significant amount of evidence that the object is a bear and call it a bear until he or she has receives sufficient correction. 
D)  label the object a ball because of its ball-like features.

Question 8

Refer to the figure, in which the blue bars represent "same" trials and the red bars represent "switch" trials.
  What is the best interpretation of Stager and Werker's 1997 data, represented by the four bars in the graph?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children have a difficult time realizing that two different auditory stimuli mean different things if the phonetic distinction between them is minimal. 
B)  Children have a difficult time realizing that two different auditory stimuli mean different things if the phonetic distinction between them is large. 
C)  Children reliably map different auditory stimuli onto different meanings regardless of whether the stimuli sound very similar or very different. 
D)  Mean looking times cannot be used to describe how children map meaning onto sound information. 
A)  Children have a difficult time realizing that two different auditory stimuli mean different things if the phonetic distinction between them is minimal. 
B)  Children have a difficult time realizing that two different auditory stimuli mean different things if the phonetic distinction between them is large. 
C)  Children reliably map different auditory stimuli onto different meanings regardless of whether the stimuli sound very similar or very different. 
D)  Mean looking times cannot be used to describe how children map meaning onto sound information.

Question 9

Based on the research in Chapter 5, how would you go about making sure that a 9-month-old child learns the names of objects that are made up of several parts (e.g., box for a box with a bottom and a lid, flute for a flute whose parts screw together, pen for a pen with a cap). Specifically, how would the child avoid thinking that words like box or pen refer to just the lid or the cap?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the research in Chapter 5,...

Question 10

Based on the research of Kellman and Spelke (1983), which scenario would be most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pascal, a 3-month old, is surprised to see that two legs, protruding from behind a curtain and moving together, belong to two different toy squirrels, when the curtain is removed. 
B)  Kasie, a 4-month old, is surprised to see that two legs, protruding from behind a curtain and moving together, belong to the same toy squirrel, when the curtain is removed. 
C)  Denis, a 9-month old, does not recognize that the word rabbit refers to the entire animal; rather he thinks it only refers to the animal's ears. 
D)  Mari, a 4-month old, does not show surprise when a dog passes through a wall on a computer monitor in front of her. 
A)  Pascal, a 3-month old, is surprised to see that two legs, protruding from behind a curtain and moving together, belong to two different toy squirrels, when the curtain is removed. 
B)  Kasie, a 4-month old, is surprised to see that two legs, protruding from behind a curtain and moving together, belong to the same toy squirrel, when the curtain is removed. 
C)  Denis, a 9-month old, does not recognize that the word rabbit refers to the entire animal; rather he thinks it only refers to the animal's ears. 
D)  Mari, a 4-month old, does not show surprise when a dog passes through a wall on a computer monitor in front of her.

Question 11

Based on the outcome of Hart and Risley's 1995 study, which conclusion is not valid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children growing up in poor households tend to have smaller vocabularies than children growing up in privileged homes. 
B)  A child who is exposed to less language in childhood is more likely to have difficulties learning to read, regardless of the parents' education levels. 
C)  Children of parents with very low levels of education can have large vocabularies if they are exposed to a great deal of language at home. 
D)  A child growing up in a poor household hearing a great deal of language will likely have a smaller vocabulary than a child from a privileged household who is exposed to less language. 
A)  Children growing up in poor households tend to have smaller vocabularies than children growing up in privileged homes. 
B)  A child who is exposed to less language in childhood is more likely to have difficulties learning to read, regardless of the parents' education levels. 
C)  Children of parents with very low levels of education can have large vocabularies if they are exposed to a great deal of language at home. 
D)  A child growing up in a poor household hearing a great deal of language will likely have a smaller vocabulary than a child from a privileged household who is exposed to less language.

Question 12

Defend the argument that babies are able to recognize that components of objects are related to a whole by citing empirical evidence described in the chapter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Defend the argument that babies are able...

Question 13

Defend the statement: "Associative learning does not entirely explain how children map words onto objects." Provide an example of empirical evidence in your argument.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Defend the statement: "Associative learning does not...

Due to lack of experience with specific objects or situations, babies may refer to objects using subordinate-level categories such as

_______ are sentence frames that help identify the number of objects or participants involved in the event or situation described by a sentence.

How would you describe and explain the relationship between phonemes, morphemes, and affixes, using the word cat as an example?

With respect to word mapping, high-functioning children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have

Which situation would be most likely to lead a young child to conclude that the word ball can be interpreted as a new basic-level category? During a study, the researcher uses the word ball to refer to

If a child hears an adult say "bear" and point at a basketball several times, the child would

Refer to the figure, in which the blue bars represent "same" trials and the red bars represent "switch" trials. What is the best interpretation of Stager and Werker's 1997 data, represented by the four bars in the graph?

Based on the research of Kellman and Spelke (1983), which scenario would be most likely?

Based on the outcome of Hart and Risley's 1995 study, which conclusion is not valid?

Defend the argument that babies are able to recognize that components of objects are related to a whole by citing empirical evidence described in the chapter.

Defend the statement: "Associative learning does not entirely explain how children map words onto objects." Provide an example of empirical evidence in your argument.

Origins of Human Language

Language and the Brain

Learning Sound Patterns

Learning the Structure of Sentences

Speech Perception

Word Recognition

Understanding Sentence Structure and Meaning

Filters

Exam 4: Learning Words

Due to lack of experience with specific objects or situations, babies may refer to objects using subordinate-level categories such as

_______ are sentence frames that help identify the number of objects or participants involved in the event or situation described by a sentence.

How would you describe and explain the relationship between phonemes, morphemes, and affixes, using the word cat as an example?

With respect to word mapping, high-functioning children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have

Which situation would be most likely to lead a young child to conclude that the word ball can be interpreted as a new basic-level category? During a study, the researcher uses the word ball to refer to

If a child hears an adult say "bear" and point at a basketball several times, the child would

Refer to the figure, in which the blue bars represent "same" trials and the red bars represent "switch" trials. What is the best interpretation of Stager and Werker's 1997 data, represented by the four bars in the graph?

Based on the research of Kellman and Spelke (1983), which scenario would be most likely?

Based on the outcome of Hart and Risley's 1995 study, which conclusion is not valid?

Defend the argument that babies are able to recognize that components of objects are related to a whole by citing empirical evidence described in the chapter.

Defend the statement: "Associative learning does not entirely explain how children map words onto objects." Provide an example of empirical evidence in your argument.

Origins of Human Language

Language and the Brain

Learning Sound Patterns

Learning the Structure of Sentences

Speech Perception

Word Recognition

Understanding Sentence Structure and Meaning

Filters