Question 1

If you were a researcher testing a 12-month-old, which of the following would you expect the child to be able to recognize as a whole object?

Accepted Answer

A)  One of two separate and partially hidden shapes that move together 
B)  A shape that they have previously seen only in pieces 
C)  A shape that they have previously seen in two parts as well as together 
D)  A shape that they have previously seen embedded in a whole object 
A)  One of two separate and partially hidden shapes that move together 
B)  A shape that they have previously seen only in pieces 
C)  A shape that they have previously seen in two parts as well as together 
D)  A shape that they have previously seen embedded in a whole object C

Question 2

Explain the difference between linguistic input and linguistic intake. How might this difference influence a child's language development?

Accepted Answer

Linguistic input is all the information that a child is exposed to, whereas her linguistic intake is the information that she actually interprets correctly. We do not know the full extent of a child's intake based on the input she receives. If there is a large gap between the input and intake, the child's ability to learn from certain types of sentences may be severely hindered.

Question 3

Which example indicates that a child has assigned an object to a superordinate level category?

Accepted Answer

A)  George points to a cow and says "horse." 
B)  Nicola identifies a rose correctly from among a bunch of flowers. 
C)  Svieta picks up her dog and says "poodle." 
D)  Carlos calls his action figure a toy. 
A)  George points to a cow and says "horse." 
B)  Nicola identifies a rose correctly from among a bunch of flowers. 
C)  Svieta picks up her dog and says "poodle." 
D)  Carlos calls his action figure a toy. D

Question 4

Research on the linguistic interactions between robots and young children would predict that Sonny, an 18-month-old, would

Accepted Answer

A)  be able to follow the gaze of a robot as it "looked" at a ball with its mechanical eyes. 
B)  learn that a round object is called a ball if a robot oriented its mechanical gaze at the object while simultaneously playing the pre-recorded word ball. 
C)  learn that a round object is a ball if his mom was holding the ball for Sonny while the robot played the pre-recorded word ball. 
D)  not orient toward a robot. 
A)  be able to follow the gaze of a robot as it "looked" at a ball with its mechanical eyes. 
B)  learn that a round object is called a ball if a robot oriented its mechanical gaze at the object while simultaneously playing the pre-recorded word ball. 
C)  learn that a round object is a ball if his mom was holding the ball for Sonny while the robot played the pre-recorded word ball. 
D)  not orient toward a robot.

Question 5

Why do we treat pastry chef as a single word unit, even though it appears to be composed of the two words pastry and chef, separated by a space? Explain your answer by comparing it to the word chef, which is very obviously a single word.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do we treat pastry chef as...

Question 6

In terms of babies' category formation, an example of over-extension would be

Accepted Answer

A)  only referring to a daisy as a flower. 
B)  calling all round objects a ball. 
C)  referring to any large-eared animal as a hat. 
D)  referring to any adult as a grown-up. 
A)  only referring to a daisy as a flower. 
B)  calling all round objects a ball. 
C)  referring to any large-eared animal as a hat. 
D)  referring to any adult as a grown-up.

Question 7

Did Jean Berko Gleason's famous 1958 study, using bluebird-like creatures called wugs, show that young children are able to generalize rules of grammar to novel words? Why or why not? Support your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Did Jean Berko Gleason's famous 1958 study,...

Question 8

Baldwin et al. (1996) used auditory paired association to investigate children's word mapping. In their study the researchers played a word through a loudspeaker while the child played with a toy. What do the results of the study tell us about how children learn the names of objects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Baldwin et al. (1996) used auditory paired...

Question 9

Gillette et al. (1999) exposed college students to several silent videos with a beep in the middle. What were their key findings? How does nonlinguistic context interact with spoken verbs? What does this research imply about the information we use to learn verbs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gillette et al. (1999) exposed college students...

Question 10

Based on a study of speaker intent (Baron-Cohen, Baldwin, & Crowson, 1997), a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) would have a difficult time mapping meaning onto an object if

Accepted Answer

A)  a speaker is naming an object they are looking at, instead of one that the child is looking at. 
B)  a speaker does not emphasize the object's name in a sentence. 
C)  the speaker does not describe what the object is used for to the child. 
D)  the speaker is turning away from the child as he names the object. 
A)  a speaker is naming an object they are looking at, instead of one that the child is looking at. 
B)  a speaker does not emphasize the object's name in a sentence. 
C)  the speaker does not describe what the object is used for to the child. 
D)  the speaker is turning away from the child as he names the object.

Question 11

What occurs when a baby has become habituated to an auditory stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  After repeated pairings of a visual and auditory stimulus, a baby spends more time orienting toward a visual stimulus when its auditory complement is heard. 
B)  After repeated presentations of the same auditory stimulus, the baby spends less time orienting toward that stimulus when it is played again, than it did during past presentations of the same stimulus. 
C)  After repeated pairings of a visual and auditory stimulus, a baby no longer orients at all toward either stimulus when either is presented again. 
D)  The baby is captivated by the auditory stimuli whenever it is presented. 
A)  After repeated pairings of a visual and auditory stimulus, a baby spends more time orienting toward a visual stimulus when its auditory complement is heard. 
B)  After repeated presentations of the same auditory stimulus, the baby spends less time orienting toward that stimulus when it is played again, than it did during past presentations of the same stimulus. 
C)  After repeated pairings of a visual and auditory stimulus, a baby no longer orients at all toward either stimulus when either is presented again. 
D)  The baby is captivated by the auditory stimuli whenever it is presented.

Question 12

Rumelhart and McClelland's 1986 connectionist model would suggest that the best way to teach a young child the proper forms of regular and irregular verbs would be

Accepted Answer

A)  rote memorization, where the child is presented with both regular and irregular verbs and is encouraged to memorize each set. 
B)  through mere exposure to language containing vast amounts of both types of verbs and their various forms. 
C)  to practice speaking with a parent, where the parent corrects the child every time the child uses an incorrect verb form. 
D)  to wait for the child to enter kindergarten where specialized teaching techniques are employed to teach children the correct forms of verbs. 
A)  rote memorization, where the child is presented with both regular and irregular verbs and is encouraged to memorize each set. 
B)  through mere exposure to language containing vast amounts of both types of verbs and their various forms. 
C)  to practice speaking with a parent, where the parent corrects the child every time the child uses an incorrect verb form. 
D)  to wait for the child to enter kindergarten where specialized teaching techniques are employed to teach children the correct forms of verbs.

Question 13

If 2-month-old infants can assign objects to different categories without knowing those objects' names, then you would predict that at this age, an infant would

Accepted Answer

A)  spend more time staring at an image of a horse than an image of dog during a test phase, after having seen a large number of various dog images during a prior habituation phase. 
B)  spend the same about the amount of time staring at an image of a horse as an image of dog during the test phase, after having seen a large number of only dog images during a habituation phase. 
C)  not recognize that a favorite stuffed bear toy was replaced by a similar stuffed kitty toy. 
D)  spend more time looking at a familiar stuffed bear toy than a new, similar kitty toy. 
A)  spend more time staring at an image of a horse than an image of dog during a test phase, after having seen a large number of various dog images during a prior habituation phase. 
B)  spend the same about the amount of time staring at an image of a horse as an image of dog during the test phase, after having seen a large number of only dog images during a habituation phase. 
C)  not recognize that a favorite stuffed bear toy was replaced by a similar stuffed kitty toy. 
D)  spend more time looking at a familiar stuffed bear toy than a new, similar kitty toy.

Question 14

A child growing up in a bilingual Spanish/English environment

Accepted Answer

A)  knows more words overall but fewer in each language. 
B)  knows fewer words overall, leading to lower school performance. 
C)  learns each language more slowly than a monolingual child. 
D)  experiences a long-term lag in acquisition of dominant language skills. 
A)  knows more words overall but fewer in each language. 
B)  knows fewer words overall, leading to lower school performance. 
C)  learns each language more slowly than a monolingual child. 
D)  experiences a long-term lag in acquisition of dominant language skills.

Question 15

Describe how the switch task is used to evaluate how babies map meaning onto the sounds contained in their language and what it tells us about infants' long-term memory storage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how the switch task is used...

Question 16

An example of an inflectional affix is

Accepted Answer

A)  -ed in worked. 
B)  pre- in prevail. 
C)  a- in apolitical. 
D)  -ly in strangely. 
A)  -ed in worked. 
B)  pre- in prevail. 
C)  a- in apolitical. 
D)  -ly in strangely.

Question 17

Refer to the images shown.
  This ASL sign for cat illustrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  mutual exclusivity. 
B)  onomatopoeia. 
C)  iconicity. 
D)  superordinate-level categories. 
A)  mutual exclusivity. 
B)  onomatopoeia. 
C)  iconicity. 
D)  superordinate-level categories.

Question 18

Refer to the figure.
   For each set of images, describe some of the challenges that children are faced with in deciding which features to use to form an understanding of which objects the names apple and present apply to.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.
   For...

Question 19

Which phrase contains an intransitive verb?

Accepted Answer

A)  John gave Sarah a ring. 
B)  John kissed Sarah. 
C)  Jiao wants an apple. 
D)  Marina coughed. 
A)  John gave Sarah a ring. 
B)  John kissed Sarah. 
C)  Jiao wants an apple. 
D)  Marina coughed.

Question 20

Which phrase contains a transitive verb?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beto coughed. 
B)  Sarah danced on the stage. 
C)  Jamal waved excitedly. 
D)  John kissed Sarah. 
A)  Beto coughed. 
B)  Sarah danced on the stage. 
C)  Jamal waved excitedly. 
D)  John kissed Sarah.

If you were a researcher testing a 12-month-old, which of the following would you expect the child to be able to recognize as a whole object?

Explain the difference between linguistic input and linguistic intake. How might this difference influence a child's language development?

Which example indicates that a child has assigned an object to a superordinate level category?

Research on the linguistic interactions between robots and young children would predict that Sonny, an 18-month-old, would

Why do we treat pastry chef as a single word unit, even though it appears to be composed of the two words pastry and chef, separated by a space? Explain your answer by comparing it to the word chef, which is very obviously a single word.

In terms of babies' category formation, an example of over-extension would be

Did Jean Berko Gleason's famous 1958 study, using bluebird-like creatures called wugs, show that young children are able to generalize rules of grammar to novel words? Why or why not? Support your answer.

Baldwin et al. (1996) used auditory paired association to investigate children's word mapping. In their study the researchers played a word through a loudspeaker while the child played with a toy. What do the results of the study tell us about how children learn the names of objects?

Gillette et al. (1999) exposed college students to several silent videos with a beep in the middle. What were their key findings? How does nonlinguistic context interact with spoken verbs? What does this research imply about the information we use to learn verbs?

Based on a study of speaker intent (Baron-Cohen, Baldwin, & Crowson, 1997), a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) would have a difficult time mapping meaning onto an object if

What occurs when a baby has become habituated to an auditory stimulus?

Rumelhart and McClelland's 1986 connectionist model would suggest that the best way to teach a young child the proper forms of regular and irregular verbs would be

If 2-month-old infants can assign objects to different categories without knowing those objects' names, then you would predict that at this age, an infant would

A child growing up in a bilingual Spanish/English environment

Describe how the switch task is used to evaluate how babies map meaning onto the sounds contained in their language and what it tells us about infants' long-term memory storage.

An example of an inflectional affix is

Refer to the images shown. This ASL sign for cat illustrates the concept of

Refer to the figure. For each set of images, describe some of the challenges that children are faced with in deciding which features to use to form an understanding of which objects the names apple and present apply to.

Which phrase contains an intransitive verb?

Which phrase contains a transitive verb?

Origins of Human Language

Language and the Brain

Learning Sound Patterns

Learning the Structure of Sentences

Speech Perception

Word Recognition

Understanding Sentence Structure and Meaning

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Exam 4: Learning Words

If you were a researcher testing a 12-month-old, which of the following would you expect the child to be able to recognize as a whole object?

Explain the difference between linguistic input and linguistic intake. How might this difference influence a child's language development?

Which example indicates that a child has assigned an object to a superordinate level category?

Research on the linguistic interactions between robots and young children would predict that Sonny, an 18-month-old, would

Why do we treat pastry chef as a single word unit, even though it appears to be composed of the two words pastry and chef, separated by a space? Explain your answer by comparing it to the word chef, which is very obviously a single word.

In terms of babies' category formation, an example of over-extension would be

Did Jean Berko Gleason's famous 1958 study, using bluebird-like creatures called wugs, show that young children are able to generalize rules of grammar to novel words? Why or why not? Support your answer.

Baldwin et al. (1996) used auditory paired association to investigate children's word mapping. In their study the researchers played a word through a loudspeaker while the child played with a toy. What do the results of the study tell us about how children learn the names of objects?

Gillette et al. (1999) exposed college students to several silent videos with a beep in the middle. What were their key findings? How does nonlinguistic context interact with spoken verbs? What does this research imply about the information we use to learn verbs?

Based on a study of speaker intent (Baron-Cohen, Baldwin, & Crowson, 1997), a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) would have a difficult time mapping meaning onto an object if

What occurs when a baby has become habituated to an auditory stimulus?

Rumelhart and McClelland's 1986 connectionist model would suggest that the best way to teach a young child the proper forms of regular and irregular verbs would be

If 2-month-old infants can assign objects to different categories without knowing those objects' names, then you would predict that at this age, an infant would

A child growing up in a bilingual Spanish/English environment

Describe how the switch task is used to evaluate how babies map meaning onto the sounds contained in their language and what it tells us about infants' long-term memory storage.

An example of an inflectional affix is

Refer to the images shown. This ASL sign for cat illustrates the concept of

Refer to the figure. For each set of images, describe some of the challenges that children are faced with in deciding which features to use to form an understanding of which objects the names apple and present apply to.

Which phrase contains an intransitive verb?

Which phrase contains a transitive verb?

Origins of Human Language

Language and the Brain

Learning Sound Patterns

Learning the Structure of Sentences

Speech Perception

Word Recognition

Understanding Sentence Structure and Meaning

Filters