Exam 3: Plato the Divided Line and the Cave

Hawley explains that the term "__________________" is understood to mean something like "consistent with our beliefs about what we observe" or even "consistent with the truth about what we observe."

According to Plato, why are the areas above the divided line where our minds are capable of understanding the world of ideas, and we are, therefore, able to grasp truth through reason?

Shepherd claims that, "When the doctrine I propose becomes unfolded, the following is the conclusion to which I wish it may lead: The relations of various sensations generate conclusions, which become new sensations or perceptions, and which, as so many inward objects of sense, afford an evidence of the ..."

According to Plato, opinion belongs to the Conceptual World.

According to Plato, the areas below the divided line pertain to our sensations of the visible physical world, which are subject to ...

Heidegger asserts that "by referring to safety in faith as a special way of standing in the truth, we are not saying that citing the words of the Bible, 'In the beginning God created heaven and earth, etc.,' represents an answer to our question. Quite aside from whether this sentence of the Bible is true or untrue for faith, it can represent ..."

MacDonald says, "That the sun goes round the earth is not of course perceived by anyone but may be an erroneous deduction from what is perceived."

Heidegger asserts that the "first of all questions" (not the first question in the chronological sense) is "How can we determine if we have a mind as well as a body?"

For Leibniz, "It follows that the natural changes of the Monads come from an external principle."

Explain in detail the differences between primary qualities and secondary qualities. Choose a common physical object and list some of its primary qualities and secondary qualities.

MacDonald says, "For we mean by such an assertion that circumstances can be described both in which it would be true and in which it would be false. This merely expresses the accepted fact that all tautological propositions, i.e., all propositions which give information about the sensible world can be significantly denied."

In the Allegory of the Cave, Plato tells us that if a prisoner is released, then he will at first think that the ...

Hawley calls the position that accepts that the scientific metaphysics is genuinely confirmed by the role it plays in generating empirical success, but claims that independent reasons to believe the traditional metaphysics outweigh this scientific support, Counterargument.

Aristotle criticizes those people who demand that a reason shall be given for everything; in other words, "they seek a reason for things for which no reason can be given; for the starting-point of demonstration is not demonstration."

What does Aristotle mean when he says, "A principle which everyone must have who understands anything that is, is not a hypothesis; and that which every one must know who knows anything. Such a principle is the most certain of all. It is this: That the same attribute cannot at the same time belong and not belong to the same subject and in the same respect"?

Kant says, "I do not mean by this a criticism of books and systems, but a critical inquiry into the faculty of reason, with reference to the cognitions to which it strives to attain without the aid of experience; in other words, the solution of the question regarding the possibility or impossibility of logic."

Hume argues that knowledge of metaphysical principles is ...

Why does Arendt claim that "it is decisive that the experience of the eternal, in contradistinction to that of the immortal, has no correspondence with and cannot be transformed into any activity whatsoever"? Explain your answer.

Heidegger asserts that "by referring to safety in faith as a special way of standing in the truth, we are not saying that citing the words of the Bible, 'In the beginning God created heaven and earth, etc.,' represents an answer to our question. Quite aside from whether this sentence of the Bible is true or untrue for faith, it can represent no answer at all to our question." Do you agree with Heidegger?

Berkeley claims anyone who says that "there is nothing easier than for me to imagine trees, for instance, in a park, or books existing in a closet, and nobody by to perceive them," is