Exam 3: Plato the Divided Line and the Cave

Berkeley says, "Now the set rules or established methods wherein the Mind we depend on excites in us the ideas of sense, are called the deductions of logic; and these we learn by experience, which teaches us that such and such ideas are attended with such and such other ideas, in the ordinary course of things."

Heidegger asserts that "by referring to safety in faith as a special way of standing in the truth, we are not saying that citing the words of the Bible, 'In the beginning God created heaven and earth, etc.,' represents an answer to our question. Quite aside from whether this sentence of the Bible is true or untrue for faith, it can represent the possibility of mystical revelation."

Why does Shepherd think it is important to answer the following question: "By what argument can it be proved, that the perceptions of the mind must be caused by external objects?"

For Leibniz, a compound is nothing but a collection of simple things.

According to Cavendish, every creature has a double perception, ________ and ________, yet each creature does not have an infinite perception.

According to MacDonald, the statement, "There are no things but only processes" is as metaphysical a statement as any made by Descartes or Locke. There is no possible means of determining empirically that a cake is not a thing but a process.

Explain MacDonald's warning to us that "for unless we do become clear about how different sentences in our language function we shall continue liable to be bemused by pseudo-significant statements used as political slogans."

How does Arendt justify her claim that "Immortality means endurance in time"?

According to Leibniz, everything in the world, besides monads, is a formal substance.

According to Arendt, "Immortality means having a mind as well as a body."

How does Hume contrast demonstrations (relations of ideas) with matters of fact?

Aristotle criticizes those people who demand that a reason shall be given for everything; in other words, "they seek a reason for things for which no reason can be given; for the starting-point of demonstration is ..."

For Berkeley, "A spirit is one simple, undivided, active being-as it perceives ideas it is called the _________, and as it produces or otherwise operates about them it is called the ______."

For Kant, _________________ regards time and space as something given in themselves, independently of our sensibility. Thus, "outer appearances (their reality being taken as granted) as things-in-themselves, which exist independently of us and of our sensibility, and which are therefore outside us."

Hawley says there is "a widespread suspicion that science cannot really contribute to metaphysics, and that scientific findings grossly underdetermine metaphysical claims."

According to Leibniz, the basic building block of reality is the monad, a ...

Kant says, "By __________________ I mean the doctrine that appearances are to be regarded as being, one and all, representations only, not things in themselves, and that time and space are therefore only sensible forms of our intuition, not determinations given as existing by themselves, nor conditions of objects viewed as things in themselves."

In the Allegory of the Cave, Plato tells us that if a prisoner is released, then he will at first think that the shadows he saw in the cave are truer than the objects outside the cave.

Why does Berkeley claim that the very notion of what is called Matter or corporeal substance involves a contradiction?

According to MacDonald, the following is not what Engels seems to be saying about the statement "This is a tree," namely that it is a valid deduction.