Question 1

During which period of development does a sense of morality become evident?

Accepted Answer

A)  infancy and toddlerhood 
B)  early childhood 
C)  middle childhood 
D)  adolescence 
A)  infancy and toddlerhood 
B)  early childhood 
C)  middle childhood 
D)  adolescence

Question 2

On a few occasions, Jack's mother gave him candy to keep him quiet when she took him to the doctor's office. Now every time Jack goes to the doctor's office, he asks his mother for candy. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  modeling. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  modeling.

Question 3

Two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  observational; experimental 
B)  correlational; experimental 
C)  observational; correlational 
D)  variable; observational 
A)  observational; experimental 
B)  correlational; experimental 
C)  observational; correlational 
D)  variable; observational

Question 4

Discuss ecological systems theory, and describe each level of the environment.

Accepted Answer

Ecological systems theory views the chil

Question 5

Research on Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  he overestimated the competencies of infants and young children. 
B)  children generally reach their full intellectual potential, regardless of education and experience. 
C)  children's performance on Piagetian problems can be improved with training. 
D)  his stagewise account overemphasizes social and cultural influences on development. 
A)  he overestimated the competencies of infants and young children. 
B)  children generally reach their full intellectual potential, regardless of education and experience. 
C)  children's performance on Piagetian problems can be improved with training. 
D)  his stagewise account overemphasizes social and cultural influences on development.

Question 6

In an experimental design,

Accepted Answer

A)  the events and behaviors are divided into two types: independent and dependent variables. 
B)  investigators are unable to control for participants' characteristics that could reduce the accuracy of their findings. 
C)  researchers infer cause and effect by directly controlling or manipulating changes in the dependent variable. 
D)  researchers gather information on individuals, generally in natural life circumstances, and make no effort to alter their experiences. 
A)  the events and behaviors are divided into two types: independent and dependent variables. 
B)  investigators are unable to control for participants' characteristics that could reduce the accuracy of their findings. 
C)  researchers infer cause and effect by directly controlling or manipulating changes in the dependent variable. 
D)  researchers gather information on individuals, generally in natural life circumstances, and make no effort to alter their experiences.

Question 7

The most widely discussed threat to the accuracy of longitudinal findings is

Accepted Answer

A)  practice effects. 
B)  cohort effects. 
C)  selective attrition. 
D)  biased sampling. 
A)  practice effects. 
B)  cohort effects. 
C)  selective attrition. 
D)  biased sampling.

Question 8

A correlation of +.55 between preschool attendance and self-esteem indicates that children who attend preschool have __________ self-esteem scores than children who do not attend preschool.

Accepted Answer

A)  moderately higher 
B)  significantly higher 
C)  significantly lower 
D)  moderately lower 
A)  moderately higher 
B)  significantly higher 
C)  significantly lower 
D)  moderately lower

Question 9

Research stimulated by Vygotsky's theory reveals that

Accepted Answer

A)  heredity and brain growth contribute significantly to social development. 
B)  the stages of cognitive development are universal. 
C)  children in every culture develop unique strengths. 
D)  adults begin to encourage culturally valued skills as soon as children begin school. 
A)  heredity and brain growth contribute significantly to social development. 
B)  the stages of cognitive development are universal. 
C)  children in every culture develop unique strengths. 
D)  adults begin to encourage culturally valued skills as soon as children begin school.

Question 10

Arnold Gesell

Accepted Answer

A)  was among the first to make knowledge about child development meaningful to parents. 
B)  viewed children as noble savages, naturally endowed with a sense of right and wrong. 
C)  concluded that child development follows the same general plan as human evolution. 
D)  constructed the first successful intelligence test, together with his colleague, Alfred Binet. 
A)  was among the first to make knowledge about child development meaningful to parents. 
B)  viewed children as noble savages, naturally endowed with a sense of right and wrong. 
C)  concluded that child development follows the same general plan as human evolution. 
D)  constructed the first successful intelligence test, together with his colleague, Alfred Binet.

Question 11

The information-processing approach has little to say about

Accepted Answer

A)  linear cognition. 
B)  how children think at different ages. 
C)  logical cognition. 
D)  imagination and creativity. 
A)  linear cognition. 
B)  how children think at different ages. 
C)  logical cognition. 
D)  imagination and creativity.

Question 12

Jessica believes that development takes place in stages where children change rapidly as they step up to a new level and then change very little for a while. Jessica views development as

Accepted Answer

A)  discontinuous. 
B)  determined by nature. 
C)  continuous. 
D)  determined by nurture. 
A)  discontinuous. 
B)  determined by nature. 
C)  continuous. 
D)  determined by nurture.

Question 13

Because participants are measured only once in the cross-sectional design, researchers need not be concerned about such difficulties as __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cohort effects; practice effects 
B)  selective attrition; cohort effects 
C)  cohort effects; biased sampling 
D)  participant dropout; practice effects 
A)  cohort effects; practice effects 
B)  selective attrition; cohort effects 
C)  cohort effects; biased sampling 
D)  participant dropout; practice effects

Question 14

Social learning theory

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasizes modeling, also known as imitation or observational learning, as a powerful source of development. 
B)  maintains that behaviorism offers little or no effective explanation of the development of children's social behavior. 
C)  is criticized because it places little emphasis on how children are influenced by the behavior of their parents and peers. 
D)  emphasizes classical over operant conditioning and relies heavily on the concepts of psychoanalytic theory. 
A)  emphasizes modeling, also known as imitation or observational learning, as a powerful source of development. 
B)  maintains that behaviorism offers little or no effective explanation of the development of children's social behavior. 
C)  is criticized because it places little emphasis on how children are influenced by the behavior of their parents and peers. 
D)  emphasizes classical over operant conditioning and relies heavily on the concepts of psychoanalytic theory.

Question 15

Dr. Brown observes behavior in a laboratory, where conditions are the same for all participants. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the clinical, or case study, method. 
B)  structured observation. 
C)  naturalistic observation. 
D)  ethnography. 
A)  the clinical, or case study, method. 
B)  structured observation. 
C)  naturalistic observation. 
D)  ethnography.

Question 16

Professor Story is interested in studying the strategies children use to acquire new knowledge in reading. The best design for Professor Story to use would be the __________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal 
B)  microgenetic 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  sequential 
A)  longitudinal 
B)  microgenetic 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  sequential

Question 17

Inspired by Charles Darwin's work, G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell,

Accepted Answer

A)  laid the modern foundations of ethology. 
B)  developed the concept of sensitive periods in development. 
C)  devised theories based on evolutionary ideas. 
D)  constructed the first intelligence test. 
A)  laid the modern foundations of ethology. 
B)  developed the concept of sensitive periods in development. 
C)  devised theories based on evolutionary ideas. 
D)  constructed the first intelligence test.

Question 18

In a procedure called __________, participants are measured before the experiment on the factor in question.

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment 
B)  selection 
C)  matching 
D)  correlation 
A)  random assignment 
B)  selection 
C)  matching 
D)  correlation

Question 19

Consistent with Locke's tabula rasa, John Watson concluded that __________ is the supreme force in development.

Accepted Answer

A)  nature 
B)  early experience 
C)  environment 
D)  cognition 
A)  nature 
B)  early experience 
C)  environment 
D)  cognition

Question 20

Immigrant parents of successful youths typically

Accepted Answer

A)  view school successes as less important than native-born parents. 
B)  develop close ties to an ethnic community. 
C)  encourage full assimilation into the majority culture. 
D)  stress individualistic values over collectivist values. 
A)  view school successes as less important than native-born parents. 
B)  develop close ties to an ethnic community. 
C)  encourage full assimilation into the majority culture. 
D)  stress individualistic values over collectivist values.

During which period of development does a sense of morality become evident?

On a few occasions, Jack's mother gave him candy to keep him quiet when she took him to the doctor's office. Now every time Jack goes to the doctor's office, he asks his mother for candy. This is an example of

Two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are and .

Discuss ecological systems theory, and describe each level of the environment.

Research on Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory indicates that

In an experimental design,

The most widely discussed threat to the accuracy of longitudinal findings is

A correlation of +.55 between preschool attendance and self-esteem indicates that children who attend preschool have __________ self-esteem scores than children who do not attend preschool.

Research stimulated by Vygotsky's theory reveals that

Arnold Gesell

The information-processing approach has little to say about

Jessica believes that development takes place in stages where children change rapidly as they step up to a new level and then change very little for a while. Jessica views development as

Because participants are measured only once in the cross-sectional design, researchers need not be concerned about such difficulties as and .

Social learning theory

Dr. Brown observes behavior in a laboratory, where conditions are the same for all participants. This is an example of

Professor Story is interested in studying the strategies children use to acquire new knowledge in reading. The best design for Professor Story to use would be the __________ design.

Inspired by Charles Darwin's work, G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell,

In a procedure called __________, participants are measured before the experiment on the factor in question.

Consistent with Locke's tabula rasa, John Watson concluded that __________ is the supreme force in development.

Immigrant parents of successful youths typically

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

Exam 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies

During which period of development does a sense of morality become evident?

On a few occasions, Jack's mother gave him candy to keep him quiet when she took him to the doctor's office. Now every time Jack goes to the doctor's office, he asks his mother for candy. This is an example of

Two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are __________ and __________.

Discuss ecological systems theory, and describe each level of the environment.

Research on Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory indicates that

In an experimental design,

The most widely discussed threat to the accuracy of longitudinal findings is

A correlation of +.55 between preschool attendance and self-esteem indicates that children who attend preschool have __________ self-esteem scores than children who do not attend preschool.

Research stimulated by Vygotsky's theory reveals that

Arnold Gesell

The information-processing approach has little to say about

Jessica believes that development takes place in stages where children change rapidly as they step up to a new level and then change very little for a while. Jessica views development as

Because participants are measured only once in the cross-sectional design, researchers need not be concerned about such difficulties as __________ and __________.

Social learning theory

Dr. Brown observes behavior in a laboratory, where conditions are the same for all participants. This is an example of

Professor Story is interested in studying the strategies children use to acquire new knowledge in reading. The best design for Professor Story to use would be the __________ design.

Inspired by Charles Darwin's work, G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell,

In a procedure called __________, participants are measured before the experiment on the factor in question.

Consistent with Locke's tabula rasa, John Watson concluded that __________ is the supreme force in development.

Immigrant parents of successful youths typically

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

Two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are and .

Because participants are measured only once in the cross-sectional design, researchers need not be concerned about such difficulties as and .