Question 1

Both Piaget's theory and the information-processing approach

Accepted Answer

A)  regard children as active beings who modify their own thinking in response to environmental demands. 
B)  focus on the development of imagination and creativity. 
C)  regard perception, memory, and problem solving as similar at all ages. 
D)  emphasize the importance of equilibration in producing higher levels of thinking. 
A)  regard children as active beings who modify their own thinking in response to environmental demands. 
B)  focus on the development of imagination and creativity. 
C)  regard perception, memory, and problem solving as similar at all ages. 
D)  emphasize the importance of equilibration in producing higher levels of thinking.

Question 2

Ecological systems theory views the child as

Accepted Answer

A)  a blossoming flower, and it regards development as a maturational process, similar to blooming. 
B)  developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment. 
C)  a social being influenced primarily by observational learning, imitation, and adult modeling. 
D)  a computer-like system that actively codes, transforms, and organizes complex information. 
A)  a blossoming flower, and it regards development as a maturational process, similar to blooming. 
B)  developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment. 
C)  a social being influenced primarily by observational learning, imitation, and adult modeling. 
D)  a computer-like system that actively codes, transforms, and organizes complex information.

Question 3

Two types of systematic observation used in child development research are naturalistic and structured observation. Explain the benefits and limitations of each.

Accepted Answer

Observations of the behavior of children

Question 4

Reid believes that the difference between the immature and the mature being is simply one of amount or complexity. Reid views development as

Accepted Answer

A)  discontinuous. 
B)  determined by nature. 
C)  continuous. 
D)  determined by nurture. 
A)  discontinuous. 
B)  determined by nature. 
C)  continuous. 
D)  determined by nurture.

Question 5

Define resilience, and describe the factors that seem to offer protection from the damaging effects of stressful life events.

Accepted Answer

Resilience is the ability to adapt effec

Question 6

Which of the following recent theoretical perspectives is concerned with the adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its evolutionary history?

Accepted Answer

A)  information processing 
B)  ethology 
C)  sociocultural theory 
D)  ecological systems theory 
A)  information processing 
B)  ethology 
C)  sociocultural theory 
D)  ecological systems theory

Question 7

In what important way do theories differ from mere opinion or belief?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are influenced by cultural values. 
B)  They depend on scientific verification. 
C)  They explain all aspects of development. 
D)  They cannot be tested using research procedures. 
A)  They are influenced by cultural values. 
B)  They depend on scientific verification. 
C)  They explain all aspects of development. 
D)  They cannot be tested using research procedures.

Question 8

Dr. Riley wanted to know if adolescent computer use has an immediate effect on sustained attention. Dr. Riley assigned participants into one of two groups (computer use vs. no computer use) by flipping a coin. Dr. Riley used

Accepted Answer

A)  matching. 
B)  random assignment. 
C)  a correlational design. 
D)  a field experiment. 
A)  matching. 
B)  random assignment. 
C)  a correlational design. 
D)  a field experiment.

Question 9

Bernadette, a participant in a longitudinal study, became quite familiar with the test over time and, as a result, her performance improved. This limitation of longitudinal research is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  biased sampling. 
B)  practice effects. 
C)  random assignment. 
D)  cohort effects. 
A)  biased sampling. 
B)  practice effects. 
C)  random assignment. 
D)  cohort effects.

Question 10

According to ecological systems theory, a parent's workplace is in the

Accepted Answer

A)  microsystem. 
B)  mesosystem. 
C)  exosystem. 
D)  macrosystem. 
A)  microsystem. 
B)  mesosystem. 
C)  exosystem. 
D)  macrosystem.

Question 11

Which of the following research methods utilizes participant observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the clinical, or case study, method 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  ethnography 
D)  structured observation 
A)  the clinical, or case study, method 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  ethnography 
D)  structured observation

Question 12

Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasized children's capacity to shape their own development. 
B)  viewed cognitive development as a socially mediated process. 
C)  believed that children undergo certain stagewise changes. 
D)  focused on discontinuous change. 
A)  emphasized children's capacity to shape their own development. 
B)  viewed cognitive development as a socially mediated process. 
C)  believed that children undergo certain stagewise changes. 
D)  focused on discontinuous change.

Question 13

To examine whether participants' popularity was stable or changed across the years, Dr. Cotter followed a group of children from ages 5 to 18 years. This is an example of a __________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  sequential 
B)  microgenetic 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  longitudinal 
A)  sequential 
B)  microgenetic 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  longitudinal

Question 14

The central questions addressed by the field of child development

Accepted Answer

A)  are primarily of scientific interest. 
B)  have applied, or practical, importance. 
C)  are based exclusively on research conducted by psychologists. 
D)  involve all changes a person experiences throughout the lifespan. 
A)  are primarily of scientific interest. 
B)  have applied, or practical, importance. 
C)  are based exclusively on research conducted by psychologists. 
D)  involve all changes a person experiences throughout the lifespan.

Question 15

Compare and contrast the terms critical period and sensitive period, and discuss how observations of imprinting led to the development of these concepts.

Accepted Answer

Watching diverse animal species in their

Question 16

Both behaviorism and social learning theory have been criticized for

Accepted Answer

A)  overestimating children's contributions to their own development. 
B)  presenting ideas that are too vague to test empirically. 
C)  emphasizing nature over nurture. 
D)  underestimating children's contributions to their own development. 
A)  overestimating children's contributions to their own development. 
B)  presenting ideas that are too vague to test empirically. 
C)  emphasizing nature over nurture. 
D)  underestimating children's contributions to their own development.

Question 17

In medieval times,

Accepted Answer

A)  children dressed and acted like adults. 
B)  clear awareness existed of children as vulnerable beings. 
C)  children were viewed as tabula rasas. 
D)  childhood was not regarded as a distinct developmental period. 
A)  children dressed and acted like adults. 
B)  clear awareness existed of children as vulnerable beings. 
C)  children were viewed as tabula rasas. 
D)  childhood was not regarded as a distinct developmental period.

Question 18

In interpreting a correlation coefficient,

Accepted Answer

A)  the magnitude of the number shows the direction of the relationship. 
B)  the sign of the number shows the strength of the relationship. 
C)  a positive sign means that as one variable increases, the other decreases. 
D)  a zero correlation indicates no relationship. 
A)  the magnitude of the number shows the direction of the relationship. 
B)  the sign of the number shows the strength of the relationship. 
C)  a positive sign means that as one variable increases, the other decreases. 
D)  a zero correlation indicates no relationship.

Question 19

According to research on resilience, which of the following children has an increased chance of offsetting the impact of a stressful home life?

Accepted Answer

A)  Luke, who is an irritable child 
B)  Michelle, who is an emotionally reactive child 
C)  Noah, who is a talented musician 
D)  Sarah, who associates with rule-breaking peers 
A)  Luke, who is an irritable child 
B)  Michelle, who is an emotionally reactive child 
C)  Noah, who is a talented musician 
D)  Sarah, who associates with rule-breaking peers

Question 20

The most recent revision of Albert Bandura's theory places such strong emphasis on how children think about themselves and other people that he calls it a(n) __________ rather than a(n) __________ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning; social-cognitive 
B)  social-cognitive; social learning 
C)  social learning; social-cognitive 
D)  social learning; observational learning 
A)  observational learning; social-cognitive 
B)  social-cognitive; social learning 
C)  social learning; social-cognitive 
D)  social learning; observational learning

Both Piaget's theory and the information-processing approach

Ecological systems theory views the child as

Two types of systematic observation used in child development research are naturalistic and structured observation. Explain the benefits and limitations of each.

Reid believes that the difference between the immature and the mature being is simply one of amount or complexity. Reid views development as

Define resilience, and describe the factors that seem to offer protection from the damaging effects of stressful life events.

Which of the following recent theoretical perspectives is concerned with the adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its evolutionary history?

In what important way do theories differ from mere opinion or belief?

Dr. Riley wanted to know if adolescent computer use has an immediate effect on sustained attention. Dr. Riley assigned participants into one of two groups (computer use vs. no computer use) by flipping a coin. Dr. Riley used

Bernadette, a participant in a longitudinal study, became quite familiar with the test over time and, as a result, her performance improved. This limitation of longitudinal research is known as

According to ecological systems theory, a parent's workplace is in the

Which of the following research methods utilizes participant observation?

Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky

To examine whether participants' popularity was stable or changed across the years, Dr. Cotter followed a group of children from ages 5 to 18 years. This is an example of a __________ design.

The central questions addressed by the field of child development

Compare and contrast the terms critical period and sensitive period, and discuss how observations of imprinting led to the development of these concepts.

Both behaviorism and social learning theory have been criticized for

In medieval times,

In interpreting a correlation coefficient,

According to research on resilience, which of the following children has an increased chance of offsetting the impact of a stressful home life?

The most recent revision of Albert Bandura's theory places such strong emphasis on how children think about themselves and other people that he calls it a(n) rather than a(n) approach.

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

Exam 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Both Piaget's theory and the information-processing approach

Ecological systems theory views the child as

Two types of systematic observation used in child development research are naturalistic and structured observation. Explain the benefits and limitations of each.

Reid believes that the difference between the immature and the mature being is simply one of amount or complexity. Reid views development as

Define resilience, and describe the factors that seem to offer protection from the damaging effects of stressful life events.

Which of the following recent theoretical perspectives is concerned with the adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its evolutionary history?

In what important way do theories differ from mere opinion or belief?

Dr. Riley wanted to know if adolescent computer use has an immediate effect on sustained attention. Dr. Riley assigned participants into one of two groups (computer use vs. no computer use) by flipping a coin. Dr. Riley used

Bernadette, a participant in a longitudinal study, became quite familiar with the test over time and, as a result, her performance improved. This limitation of longitudinal research is known as

According to ecological systems theory, a parent's workplace is in the

Which of the following research methods utilizes participant observation?

Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky

To examine whether participants' popularity was stable or changed across the years, Dr. Cotter followed a group of children from ages 5 to 18 years. This is an example of a __________ design.

The central questions addressed by the field of child development

Compare and contrast the terms critical period and sensitive period, and discuss how observations of imprinting led to the development of these concepts.

Both behaviorism and social learning theory have been criticized for

In medieval times,

In interpreting a correlation coefficient,

According to research on resilience, which of the following children has an increased chance of offsetting the impact of a stressful home life?

The most recent revision of Albert Bandura's theory places such strong emphasis on how children think about themselves and other people that he calls it a(n) __________ rather than a(n) __________ approach.

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

The most recent revision of Albert Bandura's theory places such strong emphasis on how children think about themselves and other people that he calls it a(n) rather than a(n) approach.