Question 1

The sequence of acquiring grammatical morphemes depends on __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  overregularization; adult modeling of correct grammar 
B)  development of the cerebral cortex; the language spoken in the home 
C)  semantic bootstrapping; the existence of overextensions 
D)  structural complexity; semantic complexity 
A)  overregularization; adult modeling of correct grammar 
B)  development of the cerebral cortex; the language spoken in the home 
C)  semantic bootstrapping; the existence of overextensions 
D)  structural complexity; semantic complexity

Question 2

Professor Chan believes that language is a unique human accomplishment that children acquire naturally due to the structure of the brain. Professor Chan supports the __________ perspective of language development.

Accepted Answer

A)  nativist 
B)  behaviorist 
C)  interactionist 
D)  sociocultural 
A)  nativist 
B)  behaviorist 
C)  interactionist 
D)  sociocultural

Question 3

Research on strategies for word learning indicates that young children

Accepted Answer

A)  learn to speak grammatically because these types of statements will effectively communicate their desires and needs. 
B)  use different syntactic structures to associate vocabulary words with objects. 
C)  develop specialized linguistic processing skills that enable them to analyze speech and detect semantic relationships. 
D)  figure out the meanings of words by contrasting them with words they already know and assigning the new label to a gap in their vocabulary. 
A)  learn to speak grammatically because these types of statements will effectively communicate their desires and needs. 
B)  use different syntactic structures to associate vocabulary words with objects. 
C)  develop specialized linguistic processing skills that enable them to analyze speech and detect semantic relationships. 
D)  figure out the meanings of words by contrasting them with words they already know and assigning the new label to a gap in their vocabulary.

Question 4

Describe two accounts of how semantic development takes place.

Accepted Answer

Young children's fast-mapping is support

Question 5

Which of the following statements is supported by research on babbling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Babies only begin babbling if they consistently hear human speech. 
B)  Females typically begin babbling before males. 
C)  Babies have a limited repertoire of babbled sounds, depending on their IQ. 
D)  Deaf infants not exposed to sign language will stop babbling entirely. 
A)  Babies only begin babbling if they consistently hear human speech. 
B)  Females typically begin babbling before males. 
C)  Babies have a limited repertoire of babbled sounds, depending on their IQ. 
D)  Deaf infants not exposed to sign language will stop babbling entirely.

Question 6

Eight-month-old Thea and her mother watch a grasshopper in their yard. Her mother labels the grasshopper and describes what it is doing. Thea and her mother are engaged in

Accepted Answer

A)  telegraphic speech. 
B)  referential communication. 
C)  syntactic bootstrapping. 
D)  joint attention. 
A)  telegraphic speech. 
B)  referential communication. 
C)  syntactic bootstrapping. 
D)  joint attention.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true regarding learning native-language sound categories and patterns?

Accepted Answer

A)  Findings indicate that categorical perception is unique to linguistic input. 
B)  Phonemes tend to be similar across all contemporary languages. 
C)  Compared to young infants, adults are sensitive to a much wider range of categories than exists in their own language. 
D)  Between 6 and 8 months, infants start to organize speech into the phonemic categories of their own language. 
A)  Findings indicate that categorical perception is unique to linguistic input. 
B)  Phonemes tend to be similar across all contemporary languages. 
C)  Compared to young infants, adults are sensitive to a much wider range of categories than exists in their own language. 
D)  Between 6 and 8 months, infants start to organize speech into the phonemic categories of their own language.

Question 8

According to the principle of mutual exclusivity bias, children

Accepted Answer

A)  assume that objects have multiple labels. 
B)  ignore the shapes of objects and focus instead on color distinctions. 
C)  assume that words refer to nonoverlapping categories. 
D)  discover the structure of sentences by relying on the meanings of words. 
A)  assume that objects have multiple labels. 
B)  ignore the shapes of objects and focus instead on color distinctions. 
C)  assume that words refer to nonoverlapping categories. 
D)  discover the structure of sentences by relying on the meanings of words.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is a limitation of Chomsky's nativist perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chomsky's theory cannot explain how children weave statements together into connected discourse and sustain meaningful conversations. 
B)  Chomsky's theory is inconsistent with research on efforts to teach language to nonhuman primates. 
C)  Chomsky's theory overemphasizes the role of social experience in language development. 
D)  Chomsky's theory ignores the existence of specialized regions in the brain that support language skills. 
A)  Chomsky's theory cannot explain how children weave statements together into connected discourse and sustain meaningful conversations. 
B)  Chomsky's theory is inconsistent with research on efforts to teach language to nonhuman primates. 
C)  Chomsky's theory overemphasizes the role of social experience in language development. 
D)  Chomsky's theory ignores the existence of specialized regions in the brain that support language skills.

Question 10

As 3-year-old Settje acquires language, __________ will develop ahead of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  association; recognition 
B)  recall; comprehension 
C)  production; reception 
D)  comprehension; production 
A)  association; recognition 
B)  recall; comprehension 
C)  production; reception 
D)  comprehension; production

Question 11

In American Sign Language (ASL), accurately expressing motion requires

Accepted Answer

A)  at least some ability to hear low tones. 
B)  well-developed fine-motor skills. 
C)  up to seven grammatical markers. 
D)  an understanding of pragmatic communication. 
A)  at least some ability to hear low tones. 
B)  well-developed fine-motor skills. 
C)  up to seven grammatical markers. 
D)  an understanding of pragmatic communication.

Question 12

Two-year-old Jacqueline says, "Mommy dancing," rather than her usual "Mommy dance," when her mother starts dancing. The -ing ending is known as a

Accepted Answer

A)  grammatical phoneme. 
B)  grammatical morpheme. 
C)  protodeclarative. 
D)  recast. 
A)  grammatical phoneme. 
B)  grammatical morpheme. 
C)  protodeclarative. 
D)  recast.

Question 13

Baby Juan holds up his stuffed panda and points to it, making sure his father notices it. Juan is engaging in a __________ gesture.

Accepted Answer

A)  protoimperative 
B)  sociolinguistic 
C)  protodeclarative 
D)  manipulative 
A)  protoimperative 
B)  sociolinguistic 
C)  protodeclarative 
D)  manipulative

Question 14

Children typically say their first word at about _____ months and have mastered a large vocabulary and most grammatical constructions by _____ years.

Accepted Answer

A)  6; 2 to 3 
B)  9; 3 to 4 
C)  12; 4 to 5 
D)  18; 5 to 6 
A)  6; 2 to 3 
B)  9; 3 to 4 
C)  12; 4 to 5 
D)  18; 5 to 6

Question 15

Mr. and Mrs. Manet's children have advanced oral narrative skills. The Manets probably

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid using recasts and expansions with their children. 
B)  eat meals together with their children. 
C)  engage in authoritarian child rearing. 
D)  communicate in English and a nonnative language. 
A)  avoid using recasts and expansions with their children. 
B)  eat meals together with their children. 
C)  engage in authoritarian child rearing. 
D)  communicate in English and a nonnative language.

Question 16

Four children all say, "No cookie." Aneel means that he has eaten his cookie. Aria means she doesn't want a cookie. Alex means he can't find his cookie. Aveen means the cookie is not his. Which child uses the words "No cookie" as a rejection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aneel 
B)  Aria 
C)  Alex 
D)  Aveen 
A)  Aneel 
B)  Aria 
C)  Alex 
D)  Aveen

Question 17

Cite evidence that suggests that young children's underextensions and overextensions are purposeful.

Accepted Answer

When young children first learn words, t

Question 18

Preschoolers do not understand why puns are funny because they have not yet developed the ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  handle unconventional word meanings. 
B)  extend language meanings through metaphor. 
C)  deal with word meanings on an entirely verbal plane. 
D)  appreciate the multiple meanings of words. 
A)  handle unconventional word meanings. 
B)  extend language meanings through metaphor. 
C)  deal with word meanings on an entirely verbal plane. 
D)  appreciate the multiple meanings of words.

Question 19

Research on the extent to which adult communication helps children correct errors and take the next grammatical step forward shows that such techniques

Accepted Answer

A)  are actually negative in outcome because children become overly frustrated. 
B)  make no demonstrable difference in grammar development. 
C)  are inconclusive in their impact. 
D)  are dramatic in effect across cultures. 
A)  are actually negative in outcome because children become overly frustrated. 
B)  make no demonstrable difference in grammar development. 
C)  are inconclusive in their impact. 
D)  are dramatic in effect across cultures.

Question 20

In one study, deaf toddlers and preschoolers whose parents discouraged manual signing and addressed them verbally

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneously produced a gestural communication system. 
B)  reached language milestones at the same time as their hearing agemates. 
C)  did not develop stable vocabularies or systematic grammatical rules. 
D)  generated a communication system that was limited to writing. 
A)  spontaneously produced a gestural communication system. 
B)  reached language milestones at the same time as their hearing agemates. 
C)  did not develop stable vocabularies or systematic grammatical rules. 
D)  generated a communication system that was limited to writing.

The sequence of acquiring grammatical morphemes depends on and .

Professor Chan believes that language is a unique human accomplishment that children acquire naturally due to the structure of the brain. Professor Chan supports the __________ perspective of language development.

Research on strategies for word learning indicates that young children

Describe two accounts of how semantic development takes place.

Which of the following statements is supported by research on babbling?

Eight-month-old Thea and her mother watch a grasshopper in their yard. Her mother labels the grasshopper and describes what it is doing. Thea and her mother are engaged in

Which of the following statements is true regarding learning native-language sound categories and patterns?

According to the principle of mutual exclusivity bias, children

Which of the following statements is a limitation of Chomsky's nativist perspective?

As 3-year-old Settje acquires language, will develop ahead of .

In American Sign Language (ASL), accurately expressing motion requires

Two-year-old Jacqueline says, "Mommy dancing," rather than her usual "Mommy dance," when her mother starts dancing. The -ing ending is known as a

Baby Juan holds up his stuffed panda and points to it, making sure his father notices it. Juan is engaging in a __________ gesture.

Children typically say their first word at about _ months and have mastered a large vocabulary and most grammatical constructions by _ years.

Mr. and Mrs. Manet's children have advanced oral narrative skills. The Manets probably

Four children all say, "No cookie." Aneel means that he has eaten his cookie. Aria means she doesn't want a cookie. Alex means he can't find his cookie. Aveen means the cookie is not his. Which child uses the words "No cookie" as a rejection?

Cite evidence that suggests that young children's underextensions and overextensions are purposeful.

Preschoolers do not understand why puns are funny because they have not yet developed the ability to

Research on the extent to which adult communication helps children correct errors and take the next grammatical step forward shows that such techniques

In one study, deaf toddlers and preschoolers whose parents discouraged manual signing and addressed them verbally

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 9: Language Development

The sequence of acquiring grammatical morphemes depends on __________ and __________.

Professor Chan believes that language is a unique human accomplishment that children acquire naturally due to the structure of the brain. Professor Chan supports the __________ perspective of language development.

Research on strategies for word learning indicates that young children

Describe two accounts of how semantic development takes place.

Which of the following statements is supported by research on babbling?

Eight-month-old Thea and her mother watch a grasshopper in their yard. Her mother labels the grasshopper and describes what it is doing. Thea and her mother are engaged in

Which of the following statements is true regarding learning native-language sound categories and patterns?

According to the principle of mutual exclusivity bias, children

Which of the following statements is a limitation of Chomsky's nativist perspective?

As 3-year-old Settje acquires language, __________ will develop ahead of __________.

In American Sign Language (ASL), accurately expressing motion requires

Two-year-old Jacqueline says, "Mommy dancing," rather than her usual "Mommy dance," when her mother starts dancing. The -ing ending is known as a

Baby Juan holds up his stuffed panda and points to it, making sure his father notices it. Juan is engaging in a __________ gesture.

Children typically say their first word at about _____ months and have mastered a large vocabulary and most grammatical constructions by _____ years.

Mr. and Mrs. Manet's children have advanced oral narrative skills. The Manets probably

Four children all say, "No cookie." Aneel means that he has eaten his cookie. Aria means she doesn't want a cookie. Alex means he can't find his cookie. Aveen means the cookie is not his. Which child uses the words "No cookie" as a rejection?

Cite evidence that suggests that young children's underextensions and overextensions are purposeful.

Preschoolers do not understand why puns are funny because they have not yet developed the ability to

Research on the extent to which adult communication helps children correct errors and take the next grammatical step forward shows that such techniques

In one study, deaf toddlers and preschoolers whose parents discouraged manual signing and addressed them verbally

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

The sequence of acquiring grammatical morphemes depends on and .

As 3-year-old Settje acquires language, will develop ahead of .

Children typically say their first word at about _ months and have mastered a large vocabulary and most grammatical constructions by _ years.