Question 1

With extensive training, dolphins and parrots can acquire a vocabulary and respond to short, novel sentences,

Accepted Answer

A)  although they do so less consistently than a preschool child. 
B)  but only chimps can be taught to produce strings of three or more symbols that conform to a rule-based structure. 
C)  showing that they follow the same grammatical rules as humans in their own "language." 
D)  and are highly attuned to recognize human intentions that motivate use of language. 
A)  although they do so less consistently than a preschool child. 
B)  but only chimps can be taught to produce strings of three or more symbols that conform to a rule-based structure. 
C)  showing that they follow the same grammatical rules as humans in their own "language." 
D)  and are highly attuned to recognize human intentions that motivate use of language.

Question 2

When Latisha said, "I'm cold," Mary shared her blanket with her. Mary's actions reflect her understanding of

Accepted Answer

A)  illocutionary intent. 
B)  turnabout. 
C)  shading. 
D)  referential communication. 
A)  illocutionary intent. 
B)  turnabout. 
C)  shading. 
D)  referential communication.

Question 3

During the first year, sensitivity to language, cognitive and social skills, and environmental supports pave the way for the onset of

Accepted Answer

A)  social gesturing. 
B)  spatial strategizing. 
C)  theoretical reasoning. 
D)  verbal communication. 
A)  social gesturing. 
B)  spatial strategizing. 
C)  theoretical reasoning. 
D)  verbal communication.

Question 4

Mr. Li is a 50-year-old college graduate from China who just immigrated to the United States and is learning English. Jet is 3 years of age and just immigrated to the United States from China and is also learning English. Jet will complete high school, but not college. What can we ascertain about the second-language acquisition of these two individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jet will have greater English proficiency than Mr. Li only if he is raised in a non-Chinese-speaking household. 
B)  By the time Jet is an adult, he and Mr. Li will have comparable English-speaking skills. 
C)  Mr. Li will have greater English proficiency than Jet. 
D)  Jet will have greater English proficiency than Mr. Li. 
A)  Jet will have greater English proficiency than Mr. Li only if he is raised in a non-Chinese-speaking household. 
B)  By the time Jet is an adult, he and Mr. Li will have comparable English-speaking skills. 
C)  Mr. Li will have greater English proficiency than Jet. 
D)  Jet will have greater English proficiency than Mr. Li.

Question 5

Young children's conversations appear

Accepted Answer

A)  more mature in highly demanding situations in which they cannot see their listeners' reactions or rely on typical conversational aids. 
B)  less mature in highly demanding situations in which they cannot see their listeners' reactions or rely on typical conversational aids. 
C)  egocentric and immature in face-to-face situations with unfamiliar adults or peers. 
D)  adultlike in situations with familiar adults, such as parents, grandparents, or child-care workers. 
A)  more mature in highly demanding situations in which they cannot see their listeners' reactions or rely on typical conversational aids. 
B)  less mature in highly demanding situations in which they cannot see their listeners' reactions or rely on typical conversational aids. 
C)  egocentric and immature in face-to-face situations with unfamiliar adults or peers. 
D)  adultlike in situations with familiar adults, such as parents, grandparents, or child-care workers.

Question 6

Which of the following words is most likely to be among a toddler's first spoken words?

Accepted Answer

A)  "skip" 
B)  "ball" 
C)  "tree" 
D)  "chair" 
A)  "skip" 
B)  "ball" 
C)  "tree" 
D)  "chair"

Question 7

In studies of adults who had damage to their left hemisphere, __________ abilities suffered much more than __________ abilities.

Accepted Answer

A)  phonological; semantic 
B)  pragmatic; grammatical 
C)  grammatical; semantic 
D)  semantic; phonological 
A)  phonological; semantic 
B)  pragmatic; grammatical 
C)  grammatical; semantic 
D)  semantic; phonological

Question 8

According to the emergentist coalition model, infants rely solely on __________ cues, while toddlers increasingly attend to __________ cues until language develops further and __________ cues play larger roles.

Accepted Answer

A)  perceptual; social; linguistic 
B)  intonation; linguistic; social 
C)  visual; verbal; social 
D)  syntax; intonation; pitch 
A)  perceptual; social; linguistic 
B)  intonation; linguistic; social 
C)  visual; verbal; social 
D)  syntax; intonation; pitch

Question 9

Noam Chomsky reasoned that

Accepted Answer

A)  in early childhood, rewards and punishments support language development. 
B)  young children are unable to assume much responsibility for their own language learning. 
C)  the rules for sentence organization are too complex to be directly taught to cognitively sophisticated young children. 
D)  language, like any other behavior, is acquired through imitation and operant conditioning. 
A)  in early childhood, rewards and punishments support language development. 
B)  young children are unable to assume much responsibility for their own language learning. 
C)  the rules for sentence organization are too complex to be directly taught to cognitively sophisticated young children. 
D)  language, like any other behavior, is acquired through imitation and operant conditioning.

Question 10

During the elementary school years, vocabulary increases __________, eventually exceeding comprehension of _____ words.

Accepted Answer

A)  twofold; 25,000 
B)  threefold; 30,000 
C)  threefold; 60,000 
D)  fourfold; 40,000 
A)  twofold; 25,000 
B)  threefold; 30,000 
C)  threefold; 60,000 
D)  fourfold; 40,000

Question 11

Two-year-old Calvin said, "My cup falled," when his cup fell off the table. Calvin's error is known as an

Accepted Answer

A)  underregularization. 
B)  underextension. 
C)  overregularization. 
D)  overextension. 
A)  underregularization. 
B)  underextension. 
C)  overregularization. 
D)  overextension.

Question 12

Madelina speaks Spanish at home and has been placed in an English-only classroom in school. Madelina

Accepted Answer

A)  is at risk of school failure and dropout. 
B)  will become proficient in English within 6 months. 
C)  must teach her family to speak English at home so that they can continue to communicate with her. 
D)  will excel at school and graduate with honors. 
A)  is at risk of school failure and dropout. 
B)  will become proficient in English within 6 months. 
C)  must teach her family to speak English at home so that they can continue to communicate with her. 
D)  will excel at school and graduate with honors.

Question 13

In middle childhood, many deaf children of hearing parents achieve poorly in school, are deficient in social skills, and display impulse-control problems. Meanwhile, deaf children of deaf parents escape these difficulties. This is likely because hearing parents

Accepted Answer

A)  lack experience with visual communication. 
B)  often become frustrated and give up on exerting any control over their deaf children. 
C)  usually do not benefit from social support and training in how to interact with their nonhearing children. 
D)  do not have access to medical services for children with special needs. 
A)  lack experience with visual communication. 
B)  often become frustrated and give up on exerting any control over their deaf children. 
C)  usually do not benefit from social support and training in how to interact with their nonhearing children. 
D)  do not have access to medical services for children with special needs.

Question 14

Which of the following appears first as children's speech matures?

Accepted Answer

A)  embedded sentences 
B)  tag questions 
C)  passive sentences 
D)  verb phrases 
A)  embedded sentences 
B)  tag questions 
C)  passive sentences 
D)  verb phrases

Question 15

Describe early speech sounds, including the acquisition of communication skills during infancy and toddlerhood.

Accepted Answer

Around 2 months, babies begin to make vo

Question 16

Child M uses a topic-associating style of narrative, blending several similar anecdotes into a longer and more complex narrative than that of many other children. Child M is probably

Accepted Answer

A)  African American. 
B)  an American white child. 
C)  Japanese. 
D)  Mexican American. 
A)  African American. 
B)  an American white child. 
C)  Japanese. 
D)  Mexican American.

Question 17

The absence of a complete description of abstract grammatical structures

Accepted Answer

A)  supports the existence of Chomsky's LAD. 
B)  casts doubt that one set of rules can account for the multiplicity of grammatical forms. 
C)  provides clear evidence that children are naturally skilled at linking grammatical rules with strings of words. 
D)  supports the behaviorist perspective of language development. 
A)  supports the existence of Chomsky's LAD. 
B)  casts doubt that one set of rules can account for the multiplicity of grammatical forms. 
C)  provides clear evidence that children are naturally skilled at linking grammatical rules with strings of words. 
D)  supports the behaviorist perspective of language development.

Question 18

Cross-cultural research on semantic development shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  English-speaking toddlers are more likely than Asian toddlers to acquire action words in their beginning vocabularies. 
B)  children in many cultures have more object words than action words in their beginning vocabularies. 
C)  Asian toddlers are more likely than English-speaking toddlers to use object words. 
D)  toddlers more readily understand extensions of action words to new contexts than extensions of object words. 
A)  English-speaking toddlers are more likely than Asian toddlers to acquire action words in their beginning vocabularies. 
B)  children in many cultures have more object words than action words in their beginning vocabularies. 
C)  Asian toddlers are more likely than English-speaking toddlers to use object words. 
D)  toddlers more readily understand extensions of action words to new contexts than extensions of object words.

Question 19

ERP and fMRI measures of brain activity indicate that second-language processing is

Accepted Answer

A)  more lateralized, and also overlaps more with brain areas devoted to first-language processing, in older than in younger learners. 
B)  less lateralized, and also overlaps less with brain areas devoted to first-language processing, in older than in younger learners. 
C)  better developed in adults who take language classes than in young children who immigrated to the United States in infancy. 
D)  shared between the left and right hemispheres of the brain, whereas first-language processing is primarily located in the right hemisphere. 
A)  more lateralized, and also overlaps more with brain areas devoted to first-language processing, in older than in younger learners. 
B)  less lateralized, and also overlaps less with brain areas devoted to first-language processing, in older than in younger learners. 
C)  better developed in adults who take language classes than in young children who immigrated to the United States in infancy. 
D)  shared between the left and right hemispheres of the brain, whereas first-language processing is primarily located in the right hemisphere.

Question 20

Which of the following toddlers would you expect to have the most advanced vocabulary?

Accepted Answer

A)  Claire, a shy girl 
B)  Clarisse, an outgoing girl 
C)  Carlton, a shy boy 
D)  Carter, an outgoing boy 
A)  Claire, a shy girl 
B)  Clarisse, an outgoing girl 
C)  Carlton, a shy boy 
D)  Carter, an outgoing boy

With extensive training, dolphins and parrots can acquire a vocabulary and respond to short, novel sentences,

When Latisha said, "I'm cold," Mary shared her blanket with her. Mary's actions reflect her understanding of

During the first year, sensitivity to language, cognitive and social skills, and environmental supports pave the way for the onset of

Young children's conversations appear

Which of the following words is most likely to be among a toddler's first spoken words?

In studies of adults who had damage to their left hemisphere, abilities suffered much more than abilities.

According to the emergentist coalition model, infants rely solely on cues, while toddlers increasingly attend to cues until language develops further and __ cues play larger roles.

Noam Chomsky reasoned that

During the elementary school years, vocabulary increases ______, eventually exceeding comprehension of _ words.

Two-year-old Calvin said, "My cup falled," when his cup fell off the table. Calvin's error is known as an

Madelina speaks Spanish at home and has been placed in an English-only classroom in school. Madelina

In middle childhood, many deaf children of hearing parents achieve poorly in school, are deficient in social skills, and display impulse-control problems. Meanwhile, deaf children of deaf parents escape these difficulties. This is likely because hearing parents

Which of the following appears first as children's speech matures?

Describe early speech sounds, including the acquisition of communication skills during infancy and toddlerhood.

Child M uses a topic-associating style of narrative, blending several similar anecdotes into a longer and more complex narrative than that of many other children. Child M is probably

The absence of a complete description of abstract grammatical structures

Cross-cultural research on semantic development shows that

ERP and fMRI measures of brain activity indicate that second-language processing is

Which of the following toddlers would you expect to have the most advanced vocabulary?

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 9: Language Development

With extensive training, dolphins and parrots can acquire a vocabulary and respond to short, novel sentences,

When Latisha said, "I'm cold," Mary shared her blanket with her. Mary's actions reflect her understanding of

During the first year, sensitivity to language, cognitive and social skills, and environmental supports pave the way for the onset of

Young children's conversations appear

Which of the following words is most likely to be among a toddler's first spoken words?

In studies of adults who had damage to their left hemisphere, __________ abilities suffered much more than __________ abilities.

According to the emergentist coalition model, infants rely solely on __________ cues, while toddlers increasingly attend to __________ cues until language develops further and __________ cues play larger roles.

Noam Chomsky reasoned that

During the elementary school years, vocabulary increases __________, eventually exceeding comprehension of _____ words.

Two-year-old Calvin said, "My cup falled," when his cup fell off the table. Calvin's error is known as an

Madelina speaks Spanish at home and has been placed in an English-only classroom in school. Madelina

In middle childhood, many deaf children of hearing parents achieve poorly in school, are deficient in social skills, and display impulse-control problems. Meanwhile, deaf children of deaf parents escape these difficulties. This is likely because hearing parents

Which of the following appears first as children's speech matures?

Describe early speech sounds, including the acquisition of communication skills during infancy and toddlerhood.

Child M uses a topic-associating style of narrative, blending several similar anecdotes into a longer and more complex narrative than that of many other children. Child M is probably

The absence of a complete description of abstract grammatical structures

Cross-cultural research on semantic development shows that

ERP and fMRI measures of brain activity indicate that second-language processing is

Which of the following toddlers would you expect to have the most advanced vocabulary?

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

In studies of adults who had damage to their left hemisphere, abilities suffered much more than abilities.

According to the emergentist coalition model, infants rely solely on cues, while toddlers increasingly attend to cues until language develops further and __ cues play larger roles.

During the elementary school years, vocabulary increases ______, eventually exceeding comprehension of _ words.