Exam 6: Consciousness

The sufferers of this sleep disorder experience hundreds of episodes a night, during which the brain and body do not receive enough oxygen

REM typically begins immediately at sleep onset for people with _______________, rather than following 90 minutes of NREM as would normally be the case

Each stage of the sleep cycle lasts 90 minutes and occurs only once during a full night's sleep.

According to the "hard problem" of consciousness, even if we grant that consciousness is a property of the brain, we still have no idea how consciousness arises from the brain.

If not enough sleep occurs on a given night relative to the amount you normally require, __________is built up, and you will feel pressure to "make up" the lost sleep

During the course of the sleep cycle, our brain activity changes in stages. Describe all five stages of sleep, including the characteristic brain waves and sleep disorders that might accompany each stage. Make sure to distinguish between the four NREM stages and REM sleep.

The different brain waves associated with the five stages of sleep can be recorded by this imaging technique

The term narcotic generally refers to these drugs

Sociocognitive theorists who argue that hypnosis is similar to a placebo response, meaning that hypnosis is dependent on a person believing that he or she is being hypnotized, take this view

It is easy to know the difference between being asleep and being awake because the sleep homeostat helps us understand when we have passed from waking into sleep.

The pervasive use of cell phones and computers at bedtime among young people has increased sleep time and decreased daytime sleepiness

The hard problem of consciousness is that scientists must explain how it is that

All of the following statements about the safety of Ecstasy are supported by research, EXCEPT:

In human beings, sleep and wakefulness are regulated in part by the numerous cycles experienced each day (body temperature, hormonal activity, mental alertness, etc.). These rhythms are kept on schedule and synchronized with one another by the __.

If you awaken to find your roommate seemingly acting out his dream by knocking things off of his nightstand, attempting to jump around the room, and talking, he likely has this parasomnia

Stage 2 sleep lasts only about 10 to 20 minutes and is characterized by these sudden short bursts of higher voltage brain activity

Describe the three characteristics of consciousness known as qualitativeness, subjectivity, and unity. In doing so, provide examples of the "hard problem" of understanding consciousness and its relationship to the notion of dualism.

Scientific and societal understanding of drugs and expectations about drug use vary. Use cigarette smoking, drinking, and marijuana smoking as examples to describe some of the myths of drug use as well as some of the evidence for harmful effects.

Judah is 5 years old, and his parents are concerned because they have found him cleaning up his toys late at night several times this week. When they try to ask him what he is doing he is unresponsive, but after a few minutes he will walk back to his room and sleep on the floor. Judah most likely has this parasomnia

Despite the cultural changes throughout the 20th century, young adults tend to dream about various forms of this more than anything else