Exam 9: Memory

Memory is a set of cognitive systems that allow the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

This memory phenomenon is a highly vivid and detailed remembrance of one's personal circumstances at the moment of learning of some shocking and unexpected event.

Three of the "sins" of memory have to do with forgetting. Identify and describe those three, giving an example of research that supports each "sin."

Describe the components of the modal model of memory. In doing so, describe the various formats in which memories are encoded, both in short-term memory and in long-term memory

Craik and Lockhart demonstrated that words that had been encoded according to their meanings (semantic encoding) rather than sound or appearance were recalled more readily. Thus, they showed support for this theory of memory

The _________model of memory views memory as consisting of three stages or stores.

Godden and Baddeley (1975) demonstrated this phenomenon vividly when they had scuba divers memorize lists of words either under water or on land, and later tested them for recall of these words both on land and under water

__________involves actively repeating or thinking about information so that it remains in short-term memory

_________involves recognising or recalling something from storage in memory

According to the LOP approach, the so-called 'short-term memory' simply represents deeper levels of processing, while LTM results from shallower levels of processing

Encoding in short-term memory tends to be primarily acoustic, while encoding in long-term memory tends to be primarily

This stage of information processing is directly linked to perception.

When we recall something, but have no awareness that we are doing so, we are using