Exam 17: Social Development

Empathy is made of __________ aspects.

The _________ paradigm is used to show infants' reactions to an unresponsive social partner.

Children can control the impressions they make on others, an ability known as:

What approach to emotion emphasizes the way in which emotions serve as a mean of working towards relational goals?

According to Rothbart, temperament can be understood in terms of three broad dimensions:

What emotion is most likely to emerge in infants in response to instances where specific goals have been thwarted?

Toddlers have been shown to direct positive behaviour towards those acting in a prosocial way.

It has been shown that 18-month-olds who engage in more _________ with caregivers perform better on a task of self-recognition.

Which of the following is an executive function?

Hughes, White, Sharpen, and Dunn (2000) showed that problems with executive function control were a better predictor of antisocial behaviour than _________ ability.

Which of the following characteristics is typical of an infant with a difficult temperament, according to Thomas, Chess, and Birch (1970)?

When does the motivational importance of being evaluated by others tend to emerge and increase in children?

Phinney (1989, 1993) suggested that older children and adolescents go through three stages of ethnic identity formation: '____________' (pre-adolescence), in which there is little exploration of ethnic concepts and the values of the majority are more or less accepted; '____________' (early adolescence), in which individuals seek to understand what ethnicity means for the self; and '_____________', in which they have a clear, confident sense of their own ethnicity and have dealt with any uncertainties.

What are the three levels of Kohlberg's stage model of moral development?

What test is used as a self-recognition test with infants?

________ development concerns the rules and conventions regarding what people should do in their interactions with others.

___________ often fail to take their victim's emotional experience into account. Similarly, __________ are quite poor at linking emotions such as guilt and sympathy to their own and others' behaviour.

___________ relationships are emotionally disinhibited, involve high degrees of warmth and intimacy, but also conflict, rivalry and emotional ambivalence.

Erikson's __________ model suggests that adolescents go through a phase of 'identity versus role confusion' in which they are attempting to forge a new sense of identity.

___________ may serve as a key marker of reciprocally positive social relations. In fact, __________ triggers reward circuits in the brain.