Question 1

How has photography lost its sense of "what has been" that derives from its indexical quality?

Accepted Answer

We have become so used to the possibilities for creative manipulation of location, proximity, and historical period, all of which can be evoked with digital effects.

Question 2

Why does photography seem to fit the positivist way of thinking?

Accepted Answer

Photography seemed to suit the positivist way of thinking because it is a method of producing representations through a seemingly objective mechanical recording device rather than relying solely on the scientist's subjective eye and hand.

Question 3

Emmett Till's mother insisted that her son's body be placed on view in an open-casket funeral for the press to document and the public to see. Her decision went against the wishes of the authorities in Mississippi, who wanted the mutilated body quickly buried. Mamie Till's decision is an example of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  realism 
B)  visuality 
C)  countervisuality 
D)  appropriation 
A)  realism 
B)  visuality 
C)  countervisuality 
D)  appropriation C

Question 4

Our knowledge that images can be ambiguous and easily altered is in constant tension with a photograph's ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  signifier 
B)  representation 
C)  studium 
D)  punctum 
A)  signifier 
B)  representation 
C)  studium 
D)  punctum

Question 5

Through his practice of arriving with a camera at the scene of a crime quickly and composing a news story about it out of his car trunk, ____________ may be described as a proto social-media journalist.

Accepted Answer

A)  Scott McCloud 
B)  Timothy O' Sullivan 
C)  Weegee 
D)  Robert Frank 
A)  Scott McCloud 
B)  Timothy O' Sullivan 
C)  Weegee 
D)  Robert Frank

Question 6

Henri-Horace Roland de la Porce's Still Life (c. 1765) depicts an array of food and drink on a table, yet it can also be read as a ____________ of the transience of earthly life.

Accepted Answer

A)  studium 
B)  sign 
C)  signifier 
D)  signified 
A)  studium 
B)  sign 
C)  signifier 
D)  signified

Question 7

____________ refers to the use of language, marks, and images to create meaning about the world around us.

Accepted Answer

A)  Interpellation 
B)  Reproduction 
C)  Interpretation 
D)  Representation 
A)  Interpellation 
B)  Reproduction 
C)  Interpretation 
D)  Representation

Question 8

According to Saussure's semiotic system, a(n) ____________ is an image that refers to something outside of its individual components, something (or someone) that has great symbolic meaning for many people.

Accepted Answer

A)  icon 
B)  symbol 
C)  index 
D)  referent 
A)  icon 
B)  symbol 
C)  index 
D)  referent

Question 9

A 1999 anti-smoking billboard depicted the usually rugged and individualistic Marlboro Man as sick with emphysema. According to Barthes's model of semiotics, this advertisement was intended to change the ____________ associated with Marlboro from masculinity to death.

Accepted Answer

A)  studium 
B)  sign 
C)  signifier 
D)  signified 
A)  studium 
B)  sign 
C)  signifier 
D)  signified

Question 10

At a sorority mixer, Suki captures the varied expressions on the faces of a group of her friends who are not aware of her camera and whose attention is focused on something not within the frame of her picture. In these respects, her photo most resembles which of the following images?

Accepted Answer

A)  Weegee, The First Murder (1941) 
B)  Dorothea Lange, Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California (1936) 
C)  Cover of Paris Match, no. 326, June 25 - July 2, 1955 
D)  Timothy O'Sullivan, Gettysburg, Pa. Dead Confederate Soldier in "the Devil's Den" (1863) 
A)  Weegee, The First Murder (1941) 
B)  Dorothea Lange, Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California (1936) 
C)  Cover of Paris Match, no. 326, June 25 - July 2, 1955 
D)  Timothy O'Sullivan, Gettysburg, Pa. Dead Confederate Soldier in "the Devil's Den" (1863)

Question 11

The belief that to see is to know suggests that if only one could see everything, one could understand all. As amplified by #notabugsplat, however, the distanced perspective of a drone creates a(n) ____________ visual economy.

Accepted Answer

A)  reflexive 
B)  humanizing 
C)  mythical 
D)  inhumane 
A)  reflexive 
B)  humanizing 
C)  mythical 
D)  inhumane

Question 12

What is a criticism of "citizen journalism" cited in this chapter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Due to the ubiquity of images from a given event, it is harder to interpret what definitively occurred. 
B)  Photojournalists must compete with "amateur" mobile-phone photographers who do not get paid for their labor. 
C)  The images produced by citizen journalists are usually poor in quality, subverting the field of photojournalism. 
D)  The location at and time during which an image was taken is too easily altered to trust that most images of an event are truthful records. 
A)  Due to the ubiquity of images from a given event, it is harder to interpret what definitively occurred. 
B)  Photojournalists must compete with "amateur" mobile-phone photographers who do not get paid for their labor. 
C)  The images produced by citizen journalists are usually poor in quality, subverting the field of photojournalism. 
D)  The location at and time during which an image was taken is too easily altered to trust that most images of an event are truthful records.

Question 13

How does J. W. Orr's engraving Harvesting the Sugar Cane (1853) depict the enactment of power through visuality?

Accepted Answer

Answers must include the following:
a. V

Question 14

How does Ferdinand de Saussure define sign and signifier?

Accepted Answer

For Saussure, the signifier is

Question 15

As the popularity of image manipulation software increased, so did the interest in the question of photographic truth. Which of the following images was scrutinized intensively as part of this scholarly inquiry?

Accepted Answer

A)  Timothy O'Sullivan, Gettysburg, Pa. Dead Confederate Soldier in "the Devil's Den" (1863) 
B)  Dorothy Lange, Migrant Mother (1936) 
C)  Jeff Widener, Tank Man (aka Unknown Protester) (1989) 
D)  Robert Frank, Trolley-New Orleans (1955) 
A)  Timothy O'Sullivan, Gettysburg, Pa. Dead Confederate Soldier in "the Devil's Den" (1863) 
B)  Dorothy Lange, Migrant Mother (1936) 
C)  Jeff Widener, Tank Man (aka Unknown Protester) (1989) 
D)  Robert Frank, Trolley-New Orleans (1955)

Question 16

We make meaning of the material world through understanding images, objects, and other entities in their specific ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  symbolism 
B)  theoretical contexts 
C)  cultural contexts 
D)  allegories 
A)  symbolism 
B)  theoretical contexts 
C)  cultural contexts 
D)  allegories

Question 17

Throughout its history, photography has been associated with ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  myth 
B)  realism 
C)  symbolism 
D)  ideology 
A)  myth 
B)  realism 
C)  symbolism 
D)  ideology

Question 18

The authors argue that it is wrong to assume that camera images may be produced without human intervention. Even dashboard, surveillance, and drone camera images involve human intervention. This is because the designers and programmers of these cameras ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  created machines that often do not work 
B)  turn them on and off 
C)  are well versed in the history of still photography 
D)  made decisions about their design and operation based on social norms and standards 
A)  created machines that often do not work 
B)  turn them on and off 
C)  are well versed in the history of still photography 
D)  made decisions about their design and operation based on social norms and standards

Question 19

What is the study of signs, symbols, and how we interpret them?

Accepted Answer

A)  semiotics 
B)  hermeneutics 
C)  myth 
D)  mimesis 
A)  semiotics 
B)  hermeneutics 
C)  myth 
D)  mimesis

Question 20

The ____________ meaning of Robert Frank's Trolley-New Orleans (1955), in which black and white passengers ride a trolley, is dependent upon the viewer's cultural and historical knowledge of race and civil rights activism in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A)  mythic 
B)  denotative 
C)  semiotic 
D)  connotative 
A)  mythic 
B)  denotative 
C)  semiotic 
D)  connotative

How has photography lost its sense of "what has been" that derives from its indexical quality?

Why does photography seem to fit the positivist way of thinking?

Our knowledge that images can be ambiguous and easily altered is in constant tension with a photograph's ____________.

Through his practice of arriving with a camera at the scene of a crime quickly and composing a news story about it out of his car trunk, ____________ may be described as a proto social-media journalist.

Henri-Horace Roland de la Porce's Still Life (c. 1765) depicts an array of food and drink on a table, yet it can also be read as a ____________ of the transience of earthly life.

____________ refers to the use of language, marks, and images to create meaning about the world around us.

According to Saussure's semiotic system, a(n) ____________ is an image that refers to something outside of its individual components, something (or someone) that has great symbolic meaning for many people.

A 1999 anti-smoking billboard depicted the usually rugged and individualistic Marlboro Man as sick with emphysema. According to Barthes's model of semiotics, this advertisement was intended to change the ____________ associated with Marlboro from masculinity to death.

At a sorority mixer, Suki captures the varied expressions on the faces of a group of her friends who are not aware of her camera and whose attention is focused on something not within the frame of her picture. In these respects, her photo most resembles which of the following images?

The belief that to see is to know suggests that if only one could see everything, one could understand all. As amplified by #notabugsplat, however, the distanced perspective of a drone creates a(n) ____________ visual economy.

What is a criticism of "citizen journalism" cited in this chapter?

How does J. W. Orr's engraving Harvesting the Sugar Cane (1853) depict the enactment of power through visuality?

How does Ferdinand de Saussure define sign and signifier?

As the popularity of image manipulation software increased, so did the interest in the question of photographic truth. Which of the following images was scrutinized intensively as part of this scholarly inquiry?

We make meaning of the material world through understanding images, objects, and other entities in their specific ____________.

Throughout its history, photography has been associated with ____________.

The authors argue that it is wrong to assume that camera images may be produced without human intervention. Even dashboard, surveillance, and drone camera images involve human intervention. This is because the designers and programmers of these cameras ____________.

What is the study of signs, symbols, and how we interpret them?

The ____________ meaning of Robert Frank's Trolley-New Orleans (1955), in which black and white passengers ride a trolley, is dependent upon the viewer's cultural and historical knowledge of race and civil rights activism in the United States.

Viewers Make Meaning

Modernity: Spectatorship, the Gaze, and Power

Realism and Perspective: From Renaissance Painting to Digital Media

Visual Technologies, Reproduction, and the Copy

Media in Everyday Life

Brand Culture: the Images and Spaces of Consumption

Postmodernism: Irony, Parody, and Pastiche

Scientific Looking, Looking at Science

The Global Flow of Visual Culture

Filters

Exam 1: Images, Power, and Politics

How has photography lost its sense of "what has been" that derives from its indexical quality?

Why does photography seem to fit the positivist way of thinking?

Our knowledge that images can be ambiguous and easily altered is in constant tension with a photograph's ____________.

Through his practice of arriving with a camera at the scene of a crime quickly and composing a news story about it out of his car trunk, ____________ may be described as a proto social-media journalist.

Henri-Horace Roland de la Porce's Still Life (c. 1765) depicts an array of food and drink on a table, yet it can also be read as a ____________ of the transience of earthly life.

____________ refers to the use of language, marks, and images to create meaning about the world around us.

According to Saussure's semiotic system, a(n) ____________ is an image that refers to something outside of its individual components, something (or someone) that has great symbolic meaning for many people.

A 1999 anti-smoking billboard depicted the usually rugged and individualistic Marlboro Man as sick with emphysema. According to Barthes's model of semiotics, this advertisement was intended to change the ____________ associated with Marlboro from masculinity to death.

At a sorority mixer, Suki captures the varied expressions on the faces of a group of her friends who are not aware of her camera and whose attention is focused on something not within the frame of her picture. In these respects, her photo most resembles which of the following images?

The belief that to see is to know suggests that if only one could see everything, one could understand all. As amplified by #notabugsplat, however, the distanced perspective of a drone creates a(n) ____________ visual economy.

What is a criticism of "citizen journalism" cited in this chapter?

How does J. W. Orr's engraving Harvesting the Sugar Cane (1853) depict the enactment of power through visuality?

How does Ferdinand de Saussure define sign and signifier?

As the popularity of image manipulation software increased, so did the interest in the question of photographic truth. Which of the following images was scrutinized intensively as part of this scholarly inquiry?

We make meaning of the material world through understanding images, objects, and other entities in their specific ____________.

Throughout its history, photography has been associated with ____________.

The authors argue that it is wrong to assume that camera images may be produced without human intervention. Even dashboard, surveillance, and drone camera images involve human intervention. This is because the designers and programmers of these cameras ____________.

What is the study of signs, symbols, and how we interpret them?

The ____________ meaning of Robert Frank's Trolley-New Orleans (1955), in which black and white passengers ride a trolley, is dependent upon the viewer's cultural and historical knowledge of race and civil rights activism in the United States.

Viewers Make Meaning

Modernity: Spectatorship, the Gaze, and Power

Realism and Perspective: From Renaissance Painting to Digital Media

Visual Technologies, Reproduction, and the Copy

Media in Everyday Life

Brand Culture: the Images and Spaces of Consumption

Postmodernism: Irony, Parody, and Pastiche

Scientific Looking, Looking at Science

The Global Flow of Visual Culture

Filters