Chat with AIExam 3: Modernity: Spectatorship, the Gaze, and Power
What are the main features of the panopticon, and how does its design affect those within it?
(97) 
VerifiedAnswers must include the following:
a. The panopticon is a concentric building composed of rings of cells, at the center of which stands a guard tower, from which the guards watch over and listen in on prisoners in the cells without themselves being visible or audible in return.
b. Because the guard tower's inner chamber cannot be seen from the cells, inmates can never confirm the guards' presence.
c. Inmates live in a constant state of knowing they might be under watch at any time, internalizing the guards' gaze and becoming self-regulated and docile.
Answers may include the following:
a. The panopticon was first theorized by Jeremy Bentham and further used by Michel Foucault to describe contemporary power relations.
b. Because the inmate acts as though (s)he is being watched, (s)he needn't actually be watched, thus reducing the need for human labor.
c. Prior to the modern prison system, discipline entailed practices such as public shaming and execution. The use of force served as a visible sign of the sovereign state's power.
Explanation: The panopticon is a prison structure in which the guards surveil the inmates without being seen themselves. Because the inmates never know when they are being watched, they act as though they always are.
In Alfred Hitchcock's Rear Window, Jeffries (Jimmy Stewart), the main character, is apartment-bound with a broken leg and uses binoculars to look into his neighbors' apartments. Because those neighbors become the subject of Jeffries's fantasies, this is an example of ____________.
(72) VerifiedD
____________ artists used characteristic methods of a discipline to criticize the discipline itself, not to subvert it but to entrench it more firmly in its area of competence.
(79) VerifiedC
How does Charlie Chaplin's character in Modern Times (1936) resist internalizing the disciplinary gaze?
(79) Studying an image's ____________ allows us to consider the ways that it creates a subject position by inviting certain responses from a particular category of viewer.
(83) Lydia is a cis woman (a woman who is not transgender) whose favorite film is Michael Bay's Transformers (2007), a movie about a young man and his female high school crush who save the world from evil alien robots with the help of virtuous alien robots. While the subject positions of both the camera position and active protagonist are of a white, heterosexual male, Lydia identifies with them. Whose theory on gender and identification is Lydia most in accordance with?
(85) ____________ analyzes how Western discourses have constituted the human subjects of non-Western locations as lacking agency or voice.
(74) One of the architectural innovations of London's Crystal Palace was that its glass walls combined the functions of ____________ and ____________.
(81) Who argued that the human subject relies on encounters with the other to experience itself as an autonomous being?
(85) Vaginal Creme Davis is a black, queer, intersex-born performance artist and entertainer. She performs in drag, and her work is often loud and celebratory. Through a hypervisual, public display of a body that is the opposite of the ideal national subject, Davis resists the state's ____________.
(95) Who was Michel De Certeau critiquing when he suggested that to truly know urban life, one must encounter it from a standpoint on the street rather than from above?
(74) Why is Diego Velázquez's Las Meninas (1656) one of the most analyzed paintings in art history?
(76) To gaze is to enter into a(n) ____________ activity of looking.
(78) John always describes his paintings as universal. He thinks they should be understood by anyone who views them, no matter where they are from or what period they live in. Convincing him that they are ____________ will be a daunting task.
(79) Describe René Descartes's conceptualization of the subject or individual.
(75) How did Russian architect Vladimir Tatlin's speculative model for a building, meant to house the Third International communist government, depict the importance of media to Modernism?
(89) Michel Foucault argued that the human subject is produced through ____________, defined as an institution's rules and concepts through which power and knowledge are forged.
(81) Which event is associated with the rise of classical modernity?
(71) Cuban-American artist Ana Mendieta's Imagen de Yagul (1973) depicts the artist lying at the bottom of an open Zapotec tomb. She is naked, yet her body is covered in white flowers concentrated around her face and torso, fully concealing them. Mendieta's refusal of the viewer's gaze most closely parallels which other artwork?
(76) Linda Nochlin proposes that the only way to create gender equality in the art world is to ____________.
(70) 
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