Question 1

For virtue ethics, the issue of animal experimentation differs from that of vegetarianism because

Accepted Answer

A)  animal experimentation does not cause unnecessary suffering. 
B)  the question of abstaining from experimentation does not arise for most people. 
C)  animal experimentation involves a conflict between virtues. 
D)  the animal suffering caused by experimentation is suitably proportionate to the good produced for humans. 
A)  animal experimentation does not cause unnecessary suffering. 
B)  the question of abstaining from experimentation does not arise for most people. 
C)  animal experimentation involves a conflict between virtues. 
D)  the animal suffering caused by experimentation is suitably proportionate to the good produced for humans.

Question 2

What, according to Singer, is a prerequisite for having any interests at all?

Accepted Answer

A)  The capacity for reasoning 
B)  The capacity for suffering 
C)  The capacity for equal consideration 
D)  All of the above 
A)  The capacity for reasoning 
B)  The capacity for suffering 
C)  The capacity for equal consideration 
D)  All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following is sufficient for moral standing according to Carruthers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Practical rationality 
B)  The capacity to suffer 
C)  Beliefs and desires 
D)  Rational agency 
A)  Practical rationality 
B)  The capacity to suffer 
C)  Beliefs and desires 
D)  Rational agency

Question 4

On which of the following do utilitarians and abolitionists agree?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals have lives that can go better or worse for them. 
B)  Animals should not suffer unnecessarily. 
C)  Animals deserve to have their interests taken into consideration. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Animals have lives that can go better or worse for them. 
B)  Animals should not suffer unnecessarily. 
C)  Animals deserve to have their interests taken into consideration. 
D)  All of the above

Question 5

Why, according to Carruthers, would rational contractors grant moral standing to non-rational humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because rationality is irrelevant to moral standing. 
B)  Because moral arrangements would not be psychologically supportable otherwise. 
C)  Because it would be cruel not to do so. 
D)  Because non-rational humans have the capacity to suffer. 
A)  Because rationality is irrelevant to moral standing. 
B)  Because moral arrangements would not be psychologically supportable otherwise. 
C)  Because it would be cruel not to do so. 
D)  Because non-rational humans have the capacity to suffer.

Question 6

What are the two main objections to utilitarian justifications of animal experimentation? Are these objections decisive in your view? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The two main objections to utilitarian j

Question 7

What is one of the objections to utilitarian justifications of animal experimentation that Gruen considers?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rights objection 
B)  The incommensurability objection 
C)  The marginal cases objection 
D)  The demandingness objection 
A)  The rights objection 
B)  The incommensurability objection 
C)  The marginal cases objection 
D)  The demandingness objection

Question 8

Talk about:
-Ethical vegetarians

Accepted Answer

those who refrain fr

Question 9

Some argue that moral rights require certain abilities that animals lack. Which of the following is not one of the relevant abilities discussed in the text?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ability to enter into reciprocal agreements 
B)  The ability to feel pleasure and pain 
C)  The ability to plan for the future 
D)  The ability to stand up for oneself 
A)  The ability to enter into reciprocal agreements 
B)  The ability to feel pleasure and pain 
C)  The ability to plan for the future 
D)  The ability to stand up for oneself

Question 10

According to abolitionists, experimentation on animals is always immoral whereas experimentation on humans is not because

Accepted Answer

A)  animals suffer much more than humans. 
B)  human experiments yield much greater benefits. 
C)  animals have no instrumental value. 
D)  animals cannot give their consent. 
A)  animals suffer much more than humans. 
B)  human experiments yield much greater benefits. 
C)  animals have no instrumental value. 
D)  animals cannot give their consent.

Question 11

Talk about:
-Speciesism

Accepted Answer

the view that humans, just by

Question 12

A creature that is sentient is able to

Accepted Answer

A)  respond to stimuli. 
B)  have sense experiences. 
C)  feel pleasure and pain. 
D)  Both b and c 
A)  respond to stimuli. 
B)  have sense experiences. 
C)  feel pleasure and pain. 
D)  Both b and c

Question 13

According to Norcross, why can't the claim of causal impotence justify eating factory-farmed meat?

Accepted Answer

A)  Given the amount of suffering caused by factory farming, we're obligated to try to prevent it even if the chance of doing so is tiny. 
B)  Even if our action alone has no effect, the actions of those we influence might. 
C)  A morally decent person would not eat factory-farmed meat even if his or her inaction would have no effect. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Given the amount of suffering caused by factory farming, we're obligated to try to prevent it even if the chance of doing so is tiny. 
B)  Even if our action alone has no effect, the actions of those we influence might. 
C)  A morally decent person would not eat factory-farmed meat even if his or her inaction would have no effect. 
D)  All of the above

Question 14

According to Gruen, those who believe that animal experimentation has led to benefits tend to appeal to a _______ framework to justify the use of animals.

Accepted Answer

A)  natural law 
B)  virtue ethics 
C)  Kantian 
D)  consequentialist 
A)  natural law 
B)  virtue ethics 
C)  Kantian 
D)  consequentialist

Question 15

Why, according to Carruthers, does our attachment to pets not give rise to a social-stability argument justifying an extension of moral standing to animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pet-keeping and attachment to pets is not a universal feature of human nature. 
B)  Our attachment to pets is rarely as deep as attachments to relatives and children. 
C)  Granting moral standing to animals will open the floodgates to extending moral status to anything we care about. 
D)  Both a and b 
A)  Pet-keeping and attachment to pets is not a universal feature of human nature. 
B)  Our attachment to pets is rarely as deep as attachments to relatives and children. 
C)  Granting moral standing to animals will open the floodgates to extending moral status to anything we care about. 
D)  Both a and b

Question 16

Hursthouse claims that it is wrong to eat commercially farmed meat regularly. How does she reach this conclusion? Are you persuaded by her reasoning? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Hursthouse reaches the conclusion that i

Question 17

Talk about:
-Sentience

Accepted Answer

the capacity to have

Question 18

According to Carruthers, animals lack moral standing, and therefore we have no direct moral duties toward them. Nonetheless, Carruthers claims that we have indirect moral duties to animals. What does Carruthers mean by this and how does he argue for it? Is his argument convincing? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Carruthers argues that animals lack mora

Question 19

Hursthouse approaches the treatment of animals from the moral perspective of

Accepted Answer

A)  Aquinas. 
B)  Aristotle. 
C)  Kant. 
D)  Mill. 
A)  Aquinas. 
B)  Aristotle. 
C)  Kant. 
D)  Mill.

Question 20

Case Study
Zoos have been criticized as morally problematic on the ground that they remove animals from their natural habitats and imprison them in an artificial environment for public display. Of course, zoos vary greatly in their quality and the quality of care they provide for the animals, but all zoos keep animals captive for the goal of human entertainment and education.
Imagine that an animal advocacy group does extensive research on the effects of zoos and finds out that they are enormously beneficial in a number of ways. For example, the data suggest that they not only promote appreciation of wild animals among people who would not normally care about their welfare, but they also dramatically increase the amount of charitable giving to animal conservation organizations.
-Do zoos violate the rights of the animals they keep? Does the answer to this question depend on the conditions under which the animals are kept, or would any captivity be a rights violation?

Accepted Answer

The question of whether zoos violate the

Exam 13: Animals

For virtue ethics, the issue of animal experimentation differs from that of vegetarianism because

What, according to Singer, is a prerequisite for having any interests at all?

Which of the following is sufficient for moral standing according to Carruthers?

On which of the following do utilitarians and abolitionists agree?

Why, according to Carruthers, would rational contractors grant moral standing to non-rational humans?

What are the two main objections to utilitarian justifications of animal experimentation? Are these objections decisive in your view? Why or why not?

What is one of the objections to utilitarian justifications of animal experimentation that Gruen considers?

Talk about: -Ethical vegetarians

Some argue that moral rights require certain abilities that animals lack. Which of the following is not one of the relevant abilities discussed in the text?

According to abolitionists, experimentation on animals is always immoral whereas experimentation on humans is not because

Talk about: -Speciesism

A creature that is sentient is able to

According to Norcross, why can't the claim of causal impotence justify eating factory-farmed meat?

According to Gruen, those who believe that animal experimentation has led to benefits tend to appeal to a _______ framework to justify the use of animals.

Why, according to Carruthers, does our attachment to pets not give rise to a social-stability argument justifying an extension of moral standing to animals?

Hursthouse claims that it is wrong to eat commercially farmed meat regularly. How does she reach this conclusion? Are you persuaded by her reasoning? Why or why not?

Talk about: -Sentience

According to Carruthers, animals lack moral standing, and therefore we have no direct moral duties toward them. Nonetheless, Carruthers claims that we have indirect moral duties to animals. What does Carruthers mean by this and how does he argue for it? Is his argument convincing? Why or why not?

Hursthouse approaches the treatment of animals from the moral perspective of

Moral Theory

Moral Reasoning

Skepticism About Morality

The Good Life

Consequentialism

Kantian Ethics

Social Contract Theory

Natural Law

The Ethic of Prima Facie Duties

Virtue Ethics

Feminist Ethics and the Ethics of Care

Abortion

The Environment

Euthanasia

Economic Justice and Economic Inequality

Globalization and Immigration

The Legacy of Racism

Privacy

The Death Penalty

Drugs

Genetic Engineering

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